PORTAGE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM 3 WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS 2026
Explain the challenges of diagnosing autoimmune disorders.
correct answer There are over 80 identified, many with
overlapping presentations. Many manifestations are nonspecific
and are seen in other non-autoimmune diseases. Blood testing
isn't perfect either, as some tests are more generic and can be
elevated in the presence of other diseases.
Which type of immunity is characterized by the development of a
specific response to an antigen? correct answer adaptive
immunity
What are the primary cells involved in the adaptive immune
response? correct answer lymphocytes
T lymphocytes produce what type of immunity? correct answer
cell-mediated (adaptive)
Which immunoglobulin passes immune factors from the mother to
the fetus? correct answer IgM (think M for mother)
Which cell type is an early responder and the most abundant in
the body? correct answer neutrophils
, Which feature is NOT of innate immunity? correct answer
microbe recognition is specific (remember: innate immunity is
non-specific)
A 12-year-old female presents with itchy eyes, nasal congestion
and drainage, and sneezing every spring when the pollen count is
high. (1) Explain the immunologic mechanisms that are
responsible for her symptoms. (2) What type(s) of treatment
might be used to relieve her symptoms? correct answer (1)
Mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils play an important role in
the development of type I reactions because they contain the
chemical mediator histamine. A primary or initial-phase response
is vasodilation, vascular leakage, and smooth muscle contraction.
A secondary or late-phase response is characterized by more
intense infiltration of tissues with eosinophils and other acute and
chronic inflammatory cells, as well as tissue damage. (2)
Antihistamines and intranasal corticosteroids are the mainstay of
treatment.
Following a heart attack, the area of heart muscle that has
undergone necrosis because of lack of blood supply will heal by
scar tissue replacement. correct answer true
Which of the following is an incorrect pairing of a classic
manifestation of acute inflammation with its corresponding
cause? correct answer Know the following correct pairings:
Rubor- vasodilation
Dolor- pain
Calor- increased blood flow
Tumor- exudation of fluid and cells into extravascular tissues
Functio laesa- loss of function
EXAM 3 WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS 2026
Explain the challenges of diagnosing autoimmune disorders.
correct answer There are over 80 identified, many with
overlapping presentations. Many manifestations are nonspecific
and are seen in other non-autoimmune diseases. Blood testing
isn't perfect either, as some tests are more generic and can be
elevated in the presence of other diseases.
Which type of immunity is characterized by the development of a
specific response to an antigen? correct answer adaptive
immunity
What are the primary cells involved in the adaptive immune
response? correct answer lymphocytes
T lymphocytes produce what type of immunity? correct answer
cell-mediated (adaptive)
Which immunoglobulin passes immune factors from the mother to
the fetus? correct answer IgM (think M for mother)
Which cell type is an early responder and the most abundant in
the body? correct answer neutrophils
, Which feature is NOT of innate immunity? correct answer
microbe recognition is specific (remember: innate immunity is
non-specific)
A 12-year-old female presents with itchy eyes, nasal congestion
and drainage, and sneezing every spring when the pollen count is
high. (1) Explain the immunologic mechanisms that are
responsible for her symptoms. (2) What type(s) of treatment
might be used to relieve her symptoms? correct answer (1)
Mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils play an important role in
the development of type I reactions because they contain the
chemical mediator histamine. A primary or initial-phase response
is vasodilation, vascular leakage, and smooth muscle contraction.
A secondary or late-phase response is characterized by more
intense infiltration of tissues with eosinophils and other acute and
chronic inflammatory cells, as well as tissue damage. (2)
Antihistamines and intranasal corticosteroids are the mainstay of
treatment.
Following a heart attack, the area of heart muscle that has
undergone necrosis because of lack of blood supply will heal by
scar tissue replacement. correct answer true
Which of the following is an incorrect pairing of a classic
manifestation of acute inflammation with its corresponding
cause? correct answer Know the following correct pairings:
Rubor- vasodilation
Dolor- pain
Calor- increased blood flow
Tumor- exudation of fluid and cells into extravascular tissues
Functio laesa- loss of function
