PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2 WITH
100% CORRECT ANSWERS 2026
A nurse is reviewing lab reports. The nurse recalls blood plasma is
located in which of the following fluid compartments? correct
answer Intravascular fluid
A 35-year-old male weighs 70 kg. Approximately how much of this
weight is ICF? correct answer 42 L- the total volume of body
water for a 70 kg person is about 42 L (60%)
While planning care for elderly individuals, the nurse remembers
the elderly are at a higher risk for developing dehydration
because they have a(n): correct answer decreased muscle
mass
Which of the following patients should the nurse assess for a
decreased oncotic pressure in the capillaries? A patient with:
correct answer liver failure
Water movement between the ICF and ECF compartments is
determined by: correct answer osmotic forces
An experiment was designed to test the effects of the Starling
forces on fluid movement. Which of the following alterations
would result in fluid moving into the interstitial space? correct
answer Increased interstitial oncotic pressure
,When planning care for a dehydrated patient, the nurse
remembers the principle of water balance is closely related to
_____ balance. correct answer Sodium
A 70-year-old male with chronic renal failure presents with
edema. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this
condition? correct answer Increased capillary hydrostatic
pressure
A 10-year-old male is brought to the emergency room (ER)
because he is incoherent and semiconscious. CT scan reveals that
he is suffering from cerebral edema. This type of edema is
referred to as: correct answer localized edema
A nurse is teaching the staff about antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
Which information should the nurse include? Secretion of ADH is
stimulated by: correct answer increased plasma osmolality
Which statement by the staff indicates teaching was successful
concerning aldosterone? Secretion of aldosterone results in:
correct answer increased blood volume
A 25-year-old male is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting tumor
of the adrenal cortex. Which finding would the nurse expect to
see in the lab results? correct answer Decreased blood K+
levels
A patient has been searching on the Internet about natriuretic
hormones. When the patient asks the nurse what do these
hormones do, how should the nurse respond? Natriuretic
hormones affect the balance of: correct answer Sodium
,A 5-year-old male presents to the ER with delirium and sunken
eyes. After diagnosing him with severe dehydration, the primary
care provider orders fluid replacement. The nurse administers a
hypertonic intravenous solution. Which of the following would be
expected? correct answer Intracellular dehydration
Which of the following patients is the most at risk for developing
hypernatremia? A patient with: correct answer dehydration
The most common cause of pure water deficit is: correct answer
A. renal water loss
Hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia are associated with: correct
answer Hypertonic hyponatremia
A 52-year-old diabetic male presents to the ER with lethargy,
confusion, and depressed reflexes. His wife indicates that he does
not follow the prescribed diet and takes his medication
sporadically. Lab results indicate hyperglycemia. Which
assessment finding is most likely to occur? correct answer
decreased sodium
When taking care of a patient with hyperkalemia, which principle
is priority? Hyperkalemia causes a(n) _____ in resting membrane
potential with _____ excitability of cardiac muscle. correct answer
increase, increased
Which of the following patients is most prone to hypochloremia? A
patient with: correct answer Increased bicarbonate intake
, Which of the following conditions would cause the nurse to
monitor for hyperkalemia? correct answer Acute acidosis
Which organ system should the nurse monitor when the patient
has long-term potassium deficits? correct answer kidneys
A 42-year-old female presents to her primary care provider
reporting muscle weakness and cardiac abnormalities. Laboratory
tests indicate that she is hypokalemic. Which of the following
could be the cause of her condition? correct answer Primary
hyperaldosteronism
A 19-year-old male presents to his primary care provider
reporting restlessness, muscle cramping, and diarrhea. Lab tests
reveal that he is hyperkalemic. Which of the following could have
caused his condition? correct answer acidosis
A 60-year-old female is diagnosed with hyperkalemia. Which
assessment finding should the nurse expect to observe? correct
answer oliguria
Which of the following buffer pairs is considered the major plasma
buffering system? correct answer carbonic acid and
bicarbonate
A nurse recalls regulation of acid-base balance through removal
or retention of volatile acids is accomplished by the: correct
answer lungs
100% CORRECT ANSWERS 2026
A nurse is reviewing lab reports. The nurse recalls blood plasma is
located in which of the following fluid compartments? correct
answer Intravascular fluid
A 35-year-old male weighs 70 kg. Approximately how much of this
weight is ICF? correct answer 42 L- the total volume of body
water for a 70 kg person is about 42 L (60%)
While planning care for elderly individuals, the nurse remembers
the elderly are at a higher risk for developing dehydration
because they have a(n): correct answer decreased muscle
mass
Which of the following patients should the nurse assess for a
decreased oncotic pressure in the capillaries? A patient with:
correct answer liver failure
Water movement between the ICF and ECF compartments is
determined by: correct answer osmotic forces
An experiment was designed to test the effects of the Starling
forces on fluid movement. Which of the following alterations
would result in fluid moving into the interstitial space? correct
answer Increased interstitial oncotic pressure
,When planning care for a dehydrated patient, the nurse
remembers the principle of water balance is closely related to
_____ balance. correct answer Sodium
A 70-year-old male with chronic renal failure presents with
edema. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this
condition? correct answer Increased capillary hydrostatic
pressure
A 10-year-old male is brought to the emergency room (ER)
because he is incoherent and semiconscious. CT scan reveals that
he is suffering from cerebral edema. This type of edema is
referred to as: correct answer localized edema
A nurse is teaching the staff about antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
Which information should the nurse include? Secretion of ADH is
stimulated by: correct answer increased plasma osmolality
Which statement by the staff indicates teaching was successful
concerning aldosterone? Secretion of aldosterone results in:
correct answer increased blood volume
A 25-year-old male is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting tumor
of the adrenal cortex. Which finding would the nurse expect to
see in the lab results? correct answer Decreased blood K+
levels
A patient has been searching on the Internet about natriuretic
hormones. When the patient asks the nurse what do these
hormones do, how should the nurse respond? Natriuretic
hormones affect the balance of: correct answer Sodium
,A 5-year-old male presents to the ER with delirium and sunken
eyes. After diagnosing him with severe dehydration, the primary
care provider orders fluid replacement. The nurse administers a
hypertonic intravenous solution. Which of the following would be
expected? correct answer Intracellular dehydration
Which of the following patients is the most at risk for developing
hypernatremia? A patient with: correct answer dehydration
The most common cause of pure water deficit is: correct answer
A. renal water loss
Hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia are associated with: correct
answer Hypertonic hyponatremia
A 52-year-old diabetic male presents to the ER with lethargy,
confusion, and depressed reflexes. His wife indicates that he does
not follow the prescribed diet and takes his medication
sporadically. Lab results indicate hyperglycemia. Which
assessment finding is most likely to occur? correct answer
decreased sodium
When taking care of a patient with hyperkalemia, which principle
is priority? Hyperkalemia causes a(n) _____ in resting membrane
potential with _____ excitability of cardiac muscle. correct answer
increase, increased
Which of the following patients is most prone to hypochloremia? A
patient with: correct answer Increased bicarbonate intake
, Which of the following conditions would cause the nurse to
monitor for hyperkalemia? correct answer Acute acidosis
Which organ system should the nurse monitor when the patient
has long-term potassium deficits? correct answer kidneys
A 42-year-old female presents to her primary care provider
reporting muscle weakness and cardiac abnormalities. Laboratory
tests indicate that she is hypokalemic. Which of the following
could be the cause of her condition? correct answer Primary
hyperaldosteronism
A 19-year-old male presents to his primary care provider
reporting restlessness, muscle cramping, and diarrhea. Lab tests
reveal that he is hyperkalemic. Which of the following could have
caused his condition? correct answer acidosis
A 60-year-old female is diagnosed with hyperkalemia. Which
assessment finding should the nurse expect to observe? correct
answer oliguria
Which of the following buffer pairs is considered the major plasma
buffering system? correct answer carbonic acid and
bicarbonate
A nurse recalls regulation of acid-base balance through removal
or retention of volatile acids is accomplished by the: correct
answer lungs
