HINT 231 - PNEUMONIA
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM WITH
100% CORRECT ANSWERS 2026
Pneumonia correct answer Acute inflammation of the lung
caused by a microbial organism
When is pneumonia likely to occur? correct answer When
defence mechanisms become incompetent and overwhelmed
What occurs during pneumonia? correct answer - Alteration in
leukocytes due to malnutrition
- Increased frequency of gram-negative bacilli from leukaemia,
alcoholism, and diabetes
- Mucociliary mechanism impaired
Three ways organisms reach the lungs correct answer 1)
Aspiration from nasopharynx or oropharynx
2) Inhalation of microbes
3) Hematogenous spread from primary infection somewhere else
in the body
4 types of pneumonia correct answer Community acquired
pneumonia
Hospital acquired pneumonia
Aspiration pneumonia
, Opportunistic pneumonia
Community acquired pneumonia correct answer - Lower
respiratory infection of lung
- Onset in community or during first 2 days of hospitalization
- Highest incidence in winter
- Smoking huge risk factor
Hospital acquired pneumonia correct answer - Occuring 48
hours or longer after admission
- Second most common HAI
- High mortality/morbidity rates
Biggest risk factors for hospital acquired pneumonia correct
answer Immunosuppressive therapy
General debility
Endotracheal intubation
Aspiration pneumonia correct answer Sequelae occurring from
abnormal entry of secretions into lower airway
Opportunistic pneumonia correct answer Occurs in clients at
risk: severe calorie malnutrition, immune deficiencies,
chemo/radiation, transplant recipients
Pathophysiology of pneumonia: stages 1-4 correct answer
Stage 1: Congestion from outpouring of fluid to alveoli (organisms
multiply, infection spreads, interferes with lung function)
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM WITH
100% CORRECT ANSWERS 2026
Pneumonia correct answer Acute inflammation of the lung
caused by a microbial organism
When is pneumonia likely to occur? correct answer When
defence mechanisms become incompetent and overwhelmed
What occurs during pneumonia? correct answer - Alteration in
leukocytes due to malnutrition
- Increased frequency of gram-negative bacilli from leukaemia,
alcoholism, and diabetes
- Mucociliary mechanism impaired
Three ways organisms reach the lungs correct answer 1)
Aspiration from nasopharynx or oropharynx
2) Inhalation of microbes
3) Hematogenous spread from primary infection somewhere else
in the body
4 types of pneumonia correct answer Community acquired
pneumonia
Hospital acquired pneumonia
Aspiration pneumonia
, Opportunistic pneumonia
Community acquired pneumonia correct answer - Lower
respiratory infection of lung
- Onset in community or during first 2 days of hospitalization
- Highest incidence in winter
- Smoking huge risk factor
Hospital acquired pneumonia correct answer - Occuring 48
hours or longer after admission
- Second most common HAI
- High mortality/morbidity rates
Biggest risk factors for hospital acquired pneumonia correct
answer Immunosuppressive therapy
General debility
Endotracheal intubation
Aspiration pneumonia correct answer Sequelae occurring from
abnormal entry of secretions into lower airway
Opportunistic pneumonia correct answer Occurs in clients at
risk: severe calorie malnutrition, immune deficiencies,
chemo/radiation, transplant recipients
Pathophysiology of pneumonia: stages 1-4 correct answer
Stage 1: Congestion from outpouring of fluid to alveoli (organisms
multiply, infection spreads, interferes with lung function)
