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Latest Exam 2026-2027
What makes an atom's physical structure? -ANSWER A nucleus and orbits(sometimes
known as electron clouds)
What composes the center of the atom? -ANSWER Protons and neutrons
What spins in the orbits of an atom? -ANSWER Electrons
What are the energy levels of the atom called? -ANSWER Shells or orbits
What is the term used to define an atom that is electrically charged? -ANSWER Ionic
state.
What is a cation? -ANSWER An atom with a positive charge
What is anion? -ANSWER An atom with a negative charge
What is the structure of the periodic table? -ANSWER A series of rows called periods,
and columns called groups.
What can be predicted by the group an element occupies? -ANSWER Charge and the
numbers of electrons in its outer shell.
What is the name and properties of group VIII of the periodic table? -ANSWER Noble
gases.
They tend to remain neutral in most situations, because their outer orbits are complete.
What is the atomic number? -ANSWER The number of protons in the nucleus, defines an
atom of a particular element.
What is the atomic mass? -ANSWER The average mass of an element's isotopes.
What are isotopes? -ANSWER Different kinds of the same atom that vary in weight.
What is a compound? -ANSWER The combination of different elements.
What do chemical reactions resemble? -ANSWER A cooking recipe.
, What are the reactants in a chemical reaction? -ANSWER The ingredients of a chemical
reaction.
What is the term given to the results of a chemical reaction? -ANSWER The products.
Why must a chemical equation be balanced at the end of a reaction? -ANSWER Because
the law of conservation of mass indicates that mass cannot be created nor destroyed in
a chemical reaction.
What are equilibrium reactions? -ANSWER Chemical reactions that stop before all the
reactants are used to make the products.
What causes equilibrium? -ANSWER The state in which reactants are forming products
at the same rate that products are forming reactants.
What are the four basic ways to increase the reaction rate? -ANSWER Increase
temperature
Increase the surface area of the reactants
Add a catalyst
Increase the concentration of the reactants.
What does increasing temperature cause in a chemical reaction? -ANSWER The
particles have greater kinetic energy, increasing the speed at which they move around,
and the chance of collision between particles.
How does increasing the surface area of the particles in a reaction speed chemical
reactions? -ANSWER Gives the Particles more opportunities to come in contact with each
other.
What is a catalyst? -ANSWER An agent that accelerates a chemical reaction by reducing
the activation energy or the amount of energy necessary for a reaction to occur.
What is the effect of increasing the concentration of reactants in a chemical reaction? -
ANSWER More chance collisions occur between the reactants, producing more products.
What is a solution? -ANSWER A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.
What is a solute? -ANSWER The part of a solution being dissolved.
What is a solvent? -ANSWER The part of a solution the solute is being dissolved in.
What are compounds? -ANSWER Mixtures of different elements to create a single
matter.
What are alloys? -ANSWER Solid solutions of metals to make a new one. e.g. bronze ( a
mixture between copper and tin)