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Seizures - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔abnormal behavior caused by an electrical
discharge from neurons
Seizure etiology - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔1. alterations in the cell membrane
permeability/ion distribution
2. decreased inhibition or structural changes altering excitability
3. NT imbalances
Seizure causes - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔infection
tumor
drug abuse
,vascular lesions
congenital deformities
brain injury
electrolyte imbalances
Seizure emergency - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔After 5 minutes
Safety + airway are ALWAYS priority interventions
Focal seizures - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔- begin in a specific area of the cerebral
hemisphere
- may or may not have impaired consciousness
Generalized seizures - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔- begin in both cerebral
hemispheres
- pt is unconscious with a symmetric motor response
Seizure diagnosis - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔EEG to find cause
MRI to see structural defects
Seizure treatment - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Hydatonis
Benzodiazepines
, Drugs that Modulate GABA (Valproic Acid)
Carbamazepine
Gabapentin (focal only)
Epilepsy - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Chronic, recurrent pattern of seizures
Motor Seizures - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔some type of uncontrollable motor
movement at the onset of the seizure, stereotypical
Sensory Seizures - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔pins and needles, visual changes
Psychic Phenomena Seizures - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔deja vu, dream like
hallucinations
Autonomic Seizures - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔repeated movements
Osteoporosis - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Patho: loss of bone mass/deterioration of
cancellous bone increasing bone fragility and fractures. Lack of
mineralization in bone mass causes increased porosity of the skeleton
Risk Factors: female and aging
Symptoms:
Treatment:
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