Biological
Classification
1. Introduction to Classification
Classification is the scientific arrangement of organisms into groups
based on similarities and differences.
>Aristotle: The earliest scientific basis. Divided plants into Herbs,
Shrubs, and Trees; Animals into Enaima (with red blood) and Anaima
(without red blood).
>Linnaeus: Two-Kingdom system (Plantae and Animalia). Failed to
distinguish between eukaryotes/prokaryotes and
unicellular/multicellular.
>R.H. Whittaker (1969): The Five-Kingdom System.
Whittaker’s Five Kingdoms
Whittaker used five main criteria: Cell structure, Thallus organization,
Mode of nutrition, Reproduction, and Phylogenetic relationships.
KINGDOM CELL TYPE CELL WALL NUCLEAR BODY NUTRITION
MEMBRANE ORGANISATI
ON
MONERA prokaryoti non-cellul absent cellular auto/hete
c osic rotrophic
PROTISTA eukaryoti present in present cellular auto/hete
c some rotrophic
FUNGI eukaryoti chitin present multicellul heterotro
Classification
1. Introduction to Classification
Classification is the scientific arrangement of organisms into groups
based on similarities and differences.
>Aristotle: The earliest scientific basis. Divided plants into Herbs,
Shrubs, and Trees; Animals into Enaima (with red blood) and Anaima
(without red blood).
>Linnaeus: Two-Kingdom system (Plantae and Animalia). Failed to
distinguish between eukaryotes/prokaryotes and
unicellular/multicellular.
>R.H. Whittaker (1969): The Five-Kingdom System.
Whittaker’s Five Kingdoms
Whittaker used five main criteria: Cell structure, Thallus organization,
Mode of nutrition, Reproduction, and Phylogenetic relationships.
KINGDOM CELL TYPE CELL WALL NUCLEAR BODY NUTRITION
MEMBRANE ORGANISATI
ON
MONERA prokaryoti non-cellul absent cellular auto/hete
c osic rotrophic
PROTISTA eukaryoti present in present cellular auto/hete
c some rotrophic
FUNGI eukaryoti chitin present multicellul heterotro
