Pharmacology. 21/02/20
Introduction to Pharmacology of the Central Nervous System
1. Outline
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders
Anatomy & major functions of the brain
Types of chemical signalling in the brain
- Important terms to describe said signalling
Amino acid transmitters
Monoamines
Other CNS mediators
2. Anatomy of the brain
Brain stem is most primitive area
(fight fly), limbic system acts as a
link between primitive area (brain
stem) and cerebral area that gives
reasoning. Children have a more
fight fly response because they
haven’t developed pathways,
these can be developed by
learning. By forming those links
we’re able to make decisions.
People with Alzheimer can lose
these pathways. Medulla is a sort
of transition area between brain
stem and cerebellum. Midbrain
important for visual reflexes. Grey
matter has lots of cell bodies
(cerebral cortex, basal ganglia and
limbic system). Cerebral white
matter is axons pass info from one place to another. Pre-frontal cortex for learning and memory,
amygdala, important for emotion and basal ganglia is important for motor movement.
3. Major functions of the brain
Cerebellum
- Motor –movement/co-ordination
Basal ganglia (striatum, substantia nigra)
- Motor -movement
Limbic system: coordination of imformation
- Amygdala & cingulate gyrus–emotion & memory
- Hippocampus –learning & memory
Thalamus
- Sensory neurotransmission
Hypothalamus & pituitary gland
- Endocrine control
, Pharmacology. 21/02/20
Introduction to Pharmacology of the Central Nervous System
4. Cerebral cortex
Higher brain functions
5. The brain and transmission
The brain is a chemical machine
Controls main functions of higher animals
- over wide timescales
Fast and slow transmission, controlled by
- chemical mediators
- molecular mechanism
6. Chemical signalling in the CNS
They have
different
timescales, if it
has to do with
calcium it’s going
to be very fast. If
receptors are
metabotropic,
they will be
slower
Introduction to Pharmacology of the Central Nervous System
1. Outline
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders
Anatomy & major functions of the brain
Types of chemical signalling in the brain
- Important terms to describe said signalling
Amino acid transmitters
Monoamines
Other CNS mediators
2. Anatomy of the brain
Brain stem is most primitive area
(fight fly), limbic system acts as a
link between primitive area (brain
stem) and cerebral area that gives
reasoning. Children have a more
fight fly response because they
haven’t developed pathways,
these can be developed by
learning. By forming those links
we’re able to make decisions.
People with Alzheimer can lose
these pathways. Medulla is a sort
of transition area between brain
stem and cerebellum. Midbrain
important for visual reflexes. Grey
matter has lots of cell bodies
(cerebral cortex, basal ganglia and
limbic system). Cerebral white
matter is axons pass info from one place to another. Pre-frontal cortex for learning and memory,
amygdala, important for emotion and basal ganglia is important for motor movement.
3. Major functions of the brain
Cerebellum
- Motor –movement/co-ordination
Basal ganglia (striatum, substantia nigra)
- Motor -movement
Limbic system: coordination of imformation
- Amygdala & cingulate gyrus–emotion & memory
- Hippocampus –learning & memory
Thalamus
- Sensory neurotransmission
Hypothalamus & pituitary gland
- Endocrine control
, Pharmacology. 21/02/20
Introduction to Pharmacology of the Central Nervous System
4. Cerebral cortex
Higher brain functions
5. The brain and transmission
The brain is a chemical machine
Controls main functions of higher animals
- over wide timescales
Fast and slow transmission, controlled by
- chemical mediators
- molecular mechanism
6. Chemical signalling in the CNS
They have
different
timescales, if it
has to do with
calcium it’s going
to be very fast. If
receptors are
metabotropic,
they will be
slower
