HEALTH, FITNESS AND WELLNESS EXAM (WGU
C458) PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
Minerals --CORRECT ANSWER--inorganic material. Form body parts (teeth
and bones), maintain acid-base neutrality, regulate nerve impulses, osmotic
pressure, and electrolyte balance
Major minerals --CORRECT ANSWER--needed by the body:
• calcium—milk, cheese, sardines, salmon, green vegetables
• phosphorus—milk, cheese, lean meat
• potassium—oranges, bananas, dried fruits
• sulfur—eggs, poultry, fish
• sodium—table salt, beef, eggs, cheese
• chloride—table salt, meat
• magnesium—green vegetables, whole grains
Trace minerals --CORRECT ANSWER--required in lesser amounts, and
include iron, zinc, selenium, magnesium, copper, iodine, fluorine, chromium,
molybdenum, and manganese
HDL cholesterol (high density lipoproteins) --CORRECT ANSWER--protect
the body against heart disease. Often called "good" cholesterol.
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,LDL cholesterol (low density lipoproteins) --CORRECT ANSWER--most
cholesterol in the blood is of this type. Often referred to as the bad cholesterol.
high levels in the blood increases the risk of fatty deposits forming in the
arteries, which in turn increases the risk of a heart attack
Lipoproteins --CORRECT ANSWER--large molecules of fat and protein in the
bloodstream; how cholesterol is transported
Antioxidants --CORRECT ANSWER--slow the aging process. Reduce cellular
damage by binding with free radicals produced during oxidation reactions
Oxidation reactions --CORRECT ANSWER--the energy-yielding reactions in
which either an oxygen atom adds an electron to or a hydrogen atom removes
an electron from a substrate (a group of atoms or molecule)—the net result is a
substrate that has had a partial or complete loss of a negatively charge particle,
an electron. Two partially charged atoms or groups of atoms, one positively
charged and the other negatively charged, now exist
Free radical (Oxidant) --CORRECT ANSWER--any atom or group of atoms
that has an unpaired electron. Because electrons typically function in pairs,
these are very prone to binding to other substrates in an effort to regain this
paired status. When this happens in the human body, there is potential for a
great deal of damage.
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,Carbohydrates --CORRECT ANSWER--produce 4 calories of energy per gram.
Found in foods as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
Sources include fruits, vegetables, pasta, and rice which consist of simple sugars
and starches
Protein --CORRECT ANSWER--produce 4 calories of energy per gram.
Sources include meats and milk. Composed of 8 essential(provided by the diet)
and 12 nonessential(synthesized by the body) amino acids. Perform many
functions including building cells and tissues, forming blood and enzymes, and
fighting infection.
means primary, and no organism can live, and almost no biological process can
take place, without it
Lipids --CORRECT ANSWER--produce 9 calories of energy per gram. Organic
compounds that do not readily dissolve in water; based on their solubility, they
are classified into triglycerides (more commonly known as fats), phospholipids,
and sterols
Nutrition --CORRECT ANSWER--provides the body with the nutrients it needs
to perform its daily tasks
Undernutrition --CORRECT ANSWER--implies that the individual is not
getting enough nutrients. This can occur even if the person is consuming more
than enough calories
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, Malnutrition --CORRECT ANSWER--an imbalance of proper nutrients
Anorexia nervosa --CORRECT ANSWER--literally means loss of appetite, but
this is a misnomer: A person with this is hungry, but denies the hunger because
of an irrational fear of becoming fat. Self-starvation, food preoccupation and
rituals, compulsive exercising, and often an absence of menstrual cycles in
women.
Untreated, can be fatal.
Bulimia --CORRECT ANSWER--characterized by recurring periods of binge
eating, during which large amounts of food are consumed in a short period of
time followed by purging (through self-induced vomiting, abuse of laxatives
and/or diuretics) or periods of fasting
Binge eating disorder (BED) --CORRECT ANSWER--episodes of binge eating
characterized by eating rapidly, eating large amounts of food even when not
feeling hungry, and feeling guilty or depressed after overeating.
Obesity --CORRECT ANSWER--15 to 20 percent above normal weight. Poor
dietary patterns; include increased intake of sugars in sweetened soft drinks,
foods, and meals of high energy, low nutrient density, and large portion sizes.
At risk for serious health problems such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, heart
disease, stroke, and some types of cancer.
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C458) PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
Minerals --CORRECT ANSWER--inorganic material. Form body parts (teeth
and bones), maintain acid-base neutrality, regulate nerve impulses, osmotic
pressure, and electrolyte balance
Major minerals --CORRECT ANSWER--needed by the body:
• calcium—milk, cheese, sardines, salmon, green vegetables
• phosphorus—milk, cheese, lean meat
• potassium—oranges, bananas, dried fruits
• sulfur—eggs, poultry, fish
• sodium—table salt, beef, eggs, cheese
• chloride—table salt, meat
• magnesium—green vegetables, whole grains
Trace minerals --CORRECT ANSWER--required in lesser amounts, and
include iron, zinc, selenium, magnesium, copper, iodine, fluorine, chromium,
molybdenum, and manganese
HDL cholesterol (high density lipoproteins) --CORRECT ANSWER--protect
the body against heart disease. Often called "good" cholesterol.
Page | 1
,LDL cholesterol (low density lipoproteins) --CORRECT ANSWER--most
cholesterol in the blood is of this type. Often referred to as the bad cholesterol.
high levels in the blood increases the risk of fatty deposits forming in the
arteries, which in turn increases the risk of a heart attack
Lipoproteins --CORRECT ANSWER--large molecules of fat and protein in the
bloodstream; how cholesterol is transported
Antioxidants --CORRECT ANSWER--slow the aging process. Reduce cellular
damage by binding with free radicals produced during oxidation reactions
Oxidation reactions --CORRECT ANSWER--the energy-yielding reactions in
which either an oxygen atom adds an electron to or a hydrogen atom removes
an electron from a substrate (a group of atoms or molecule)—the net result is a
substrate that has had a partial or complete loss of a negatively charge particle,
an electron. Two partially charged atoms or groups of atoms, one positively
charged and the other negatively charged, now exist
Free radical (Oxidant) --CORRECT ANSWER--any atom or group of atoms
that has an unpaired electron. Because electrons typically function in pairs,
these are very prone to binding to other substrates in an effort to regain this
paired status. When this happens in the human body, there is potential for a
great deal of damage.
Page | 2
,Carbohydrates --CORRECT ANSWER--produce 4 calories of energy per gram.
Found in foods as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
Sources include fruits, vegetables, pasta, and rice which consist of simple sugars
and starches
Protein --CORRECT ANSWER--produce 4 calories of energy per gram.
Sources include meats and milk. Composed of 8 essential(provided by the diet)
and 12 nonessential(synthesized by the body) amino acids. Perform many
functions including building cells and tissues, forming blood and enzymes, and
fighting infection.
means primary, and no organism can live, and almost no biological process can
take place, without it
Lipids --CORRECT ANSWER--produce 9 calories of energy per gram. Organic
compounds that do not readily dissolve in water; based on their solubility, they
are classified into triglycerides (more commonly known as fats), phospholipids,
and sterols
Nutrition --CORRECT ANSWER--provides the body with the nutrients it needs
to perform its daily tasks
Undernutrition --CORRECT ANSWER--implies that the individual is not
getting enough nutrients. This can occur even if the person is consuming more
than enough calories
Page | 3
, Malnutrition --CORRECT ANSWER--an imbalance of proper nutrients
Anorexia nervosa --CORRECT ANSWER--literally means loss of appetite, but
this is a misnomer: A person with this is hungry, but denies the hunger because
of an irrational fear of becoming fat. Self-starvation, food preoccupation and
rituals, compulsive exercising, and often an absence of menstrual cycles in
women.
Untreated, can be fatal.
Bulimia --CORRECT ANSWER--characterized by recurring periods of binge
eating, during which large amounts of food are consumed in a short period of
time followed by purging (through self-induced vomiting, abuse of laxatives
and/or diuretics) or periods of fasting
Binge eating disorder (BED) --CORRECT ANSWER--episodes of binge eating
characterized by eating rapidly, eating large amounts of food even when not
feeling hungry, and feeling guilty or depressed after overeating.
Obesity --CORRECT ANSWER--15 to 20 percent above normal weight. Poor
dietary patterns; include increased intake of sugars in sweetened soft drinks,
foods, and meals of high energy, low nutrient density, and large portion sizes.
At risk for serious health problems such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, heart
disease, stroke, and some types of cancer.
Page | 4
