MODULE: COGNITIVE MECHANISMS GUIDE
AND COMPLETE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
KEY 2026
◉ Medulla (S+F)
External View. Answer: Decussation of fibers/regulation of autonomic
functions (adjust heart rate, blood pressure, respiration).
◉ Pons (S+F)
External View. Answer: Control of breathing movements/regulates
states of attentiveness and arousal.
◉ Midbrain (S+F)
External View. Answer: Auditory and visual processing
◉ Midbrain: Superior colliculus (S+F)
External View. Answer: Processes and carries sensory information
about VISION.
◉ Midbrain: Inferior Colliculus (S+F)
External View. Answer: Processes and carries sensory information
about AUDITION.
, ◉ Hypothalamus (S+F)
External View. Answer: Hormone and autonomic control.
(Picture labeled infundibulum & mamilary bulb)
◉ Meninges (F)
External View. Answer: Protective covering of the central nervous
system.
◉ Meninges: Dura Mater (F)
External View. Answer: Outermost layer, tough and inelastic.
◉ Meninges: Arachnoid Mater (F)
External View. Answer: Middle layer, just beneath the Dura Mater.
◉ Meninges: Pia Mater (F)
External View. Answer: Innermost layer/separated from Arachnoid
layer by CSF-filled subarachnoid space.
◉ Cerebrospinal Fluid (F)
External View. Answer: Bathes and cushions CNS/ nourishes and
removes waste from CNS.
◉ Cerebellum (S+F)