PSYCH 100 UPDATED END OF COURSE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Most neurons have many branching extensions that contain post-synaptic structures
and receive inputs from other neurons. These branches are called: - ✔✔Dendrites
✔✔If an experimental result shows that a group of drivers who smoked marijuana made
more driving errors than the group that did not smoke. If the difference in the numbers
of errors is statistically significant, this means that: - ✔✔The differnces found would be
very unlikely to occur by random chance
✔✔We are conducting an experiment where subjects smoke different amounts of
marijuana and then get tested in a driving simulator. It is likely that some subjects have
lots of experience with marijuana or driving while stoned, but other subjects have no
prior experience.
This kind of variability creates a specific type of problem. What is this kind of problem
called and how can you design your experiment to minimize the effect of this variation?
- ✔✔An experimental confound; assign subjects to dosage groups randomly
✔✔Some gene-environment correlations are "active" in that an individual - ✔✔actively
seeks a particular kind of environment as the result of a genotype
✔✔The windows of opportunity in which the brain is particularly sensitive to specific
types of stimulation or exposure are called - ✔✔critical periods
✔✔Eight-year old Saba understands that if you pour water from a big cup into a
cylinder, there's still the same quantity of water. She has reached a stage where she
understands - ✔✔Conservation
✔✔The tendency to respond in relatively consistent ways (i.e. calm, or fussy) by infants
throughout the first years of life is called - ✔✔temperament
✔✔The best way to describe consciousness is - ✔✔It is each person's subjective
experience of the world and their mind
✔✔The absolute threshold is defined as the lowest intensity stimulus that can be
detected: - ✔✔50% of the time
✔✔Teenagers and young adults are much more likely to engage in risky behavior than
adults over 30. What's the best explanation for this? - ✔✔The connections between the
frontal lobe and the rest of the brain are not fully mature until the mid or late 20s.
, ✔✔Starting at about 6 months, an infant develops a strong relationship with its
caregivers. Psychologists call this bond - ✔✔Attatchment
✔✔Mary Ainsworth developed an experimental method of studying infant relationships
with caregivers. This experiment is called - ✔✔The strange situation
✔✔As a result of his studies with cats in "puzzle boxes," Thorndike proposed the "law of
effect," which states that - ✔✔the presence of reward increases the likelihood of actions
that prove to be successful while actions that do not result in a reward become less
likely to occur.
✔✔Edward Tolman was a behaviorist, but, unlike Skinner, he believed that it would be
possible to use scientific methods to study the workings of the mind. His use of mazes
demonstrated that animals had cognitive maps and could base decisions on - ✔✔latent
learning
✔✔Slot-machine players do not typically pause for rest following reinforcement, but
rather, they continue to respond at high rates to reach the next pay-off. The schedule of
reinforcement in effect here is - ✔✔variable-ratio
✔✔Memory span refers to the fact that short term memory has a(n) - ✔✔limited
capacity
✔✔In classical conditioning, when the dog gets food in its mouth, it begins to salivate.
After repeated pairing of food delivery with the sound of a bell, the animal will learn to
salivate when it hears the bell. The bell is the: - ✔✔Conditioned stimulus
✔✔In classical conditioning, when the dog gets food in its mouth, it begins to salivate.
The food is the: - ✔✔Unconditioned stimulus
✔✔Which of the following statements is consistent with B. F. Skinner's brand of
behaviorism known as radical behaviorism? - ✔✔Psychologists can never scientifically
study the mind, only behavior. In fact, the mind is not a necessary part of an explanation
of why people behave the way they do.
✔✔Which of the following concepts most likely has fuzzy boundaries - ✔✔Life
✔✔This aspect of thinking is a mental shortcut designed to help us make judgments
and decisions when all the facts are not known. - ✔✔Heuristic
✔✔When presented with a list of items to memorize, we are likely to remember the
_______ items, which is known as the _______ effect. - ✔✔last; recency
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Most neurons have many branching extensions that contain post-synaptic structures
and receive inputs from other neurons. These branches are called: - ✔✔Dendrites
✔✔If an experimental result shows that a group of drivers who smoked marijuana made
more driving errors than the group that did not smoke. If the difference in the numbers
of errors is statistically significant, this means that: - ✔✔The differnces found would be
very unlikely to occur by random chance
✔✔We are conducting an experiment where subjects smoke different amounts of
marijuana and then get tested in a driving simulator. It is likely that some subjects have
lots of experience with marijuana or driving while stoned, but other subjects have no
prior experience.
This kind of variability creates a specific type of problem. What is this kind of problem
called and how can you design your experiment to minimize the effect of this variation?
- ✔✔An experimental confound; assign subjects to dosage groups randomly
✔✔Some gene-environment correlations are "active" in that an individual - ✔✔actively
seeks a particular kind of environment as the result of a genotype
✔✔The windows of opportunity in which the brain is particularly sensitive to specific
types of stimulation or exposure are called - ✔✔critical periods
✔✔Eight-year old Saba understands that if you pour water from a big cup into a
cylinder, there's still the same quantity of water. She has reached a stage where she
understands - ✔✔Conservation
✔✔The tendency to respond in relatively consistent ways (i.e. calm, or fussy) by infants
throughout the first years of life is called - ✔✔temperament
✔✔The best way to describe consciousness is - ✔✔It is each person's subjective
experience of the world and their mind
✔✔The absolute threshold is defined as the lowest intensity stimulus that can be
detected: - ✔✔50% of the time
✔✔Teenagers and young adults are much more likely to engage in risky behavior than
adults over 30. What's the best explanation for this? - ✔✔The connections between the
frontal lobe and the rest of the brain are not fully mature until the mid or late 20s.
, ✔✔Starting at about 6 months, an infant develops a strong relationship with its
caregivers. Psychologists call this bond - ✔✔Attatchment
✔✔Mary Ainsworth developed an experimental method of studying infant relationships
with caregivers. This experiment is called - ✔✔The strange situation
✔✔As a result of his studies with cats in "puzzle boxes," Thorndike proposed the "law of
effect," which states that - ✔✔the presence of reward increases the likelihood of actions
that prove to be successful while actions that do not result in a reward become less
likely to occur.
✔✔Edward Tolman was a behaviorist, but, unlike Skinner, he believed that it would be
possible to use scientific methods to study the workings of the mind. His use of mazes
demonstrated that animals had cognitive maps and could base decisions on - ✔✔latent
learning
✔✔Slot-machine players do not typically pause for rest following reinforcement, but
rather, they continue to respond at high rates to reach the next pay-off. The schedule of
reinforcement in effect here is - ✔✔variable-ratio
✔✔Memory span refers to the fact that short term memory has a(n) - ✔✔limited
capacity
✔✔In classical conditioning, when the dog gets food in its mouth, it begins to salivate.
After repeated pairing of food delivery with the sound of a bell, the animal will learn to
salivate when it hears the bell. The bell is the: - ✔✔Conditioned stimulus
✔✔In classical conditioning, when the dog gets food in its mouth, it begins to salivate.
The food is the: - ✔✔Unconditioned stimulus
✔✔Which of the following statements is consistent with B. F. Skinner's brand of
behaviorism known as radical behaviorism? - ✔✔Psychologists can never scientifically
study the mind, only behavior. In fact, the mind is not a necessary part of an explanation
of why people behave the way they do.
✔✔Which of the following concepts most likely has fuzzy boundaries - ✔✔Life
✔✔This aspect of thinking is a mental shortcut designed to help us make judgments
and decisions when all the facts are not known. - ✔✔Heuristic
✔✔When presented with a list of items to memorize, we are likely to remember the
_______ items, which is known as the _______ effect. - ✔✔last; recency
