AND ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔classroom properties - ✔✔Distinctive features of classrooms, such as
multidimensionality, simultaneity, immediacy, unpredictability, publicness, and history,
that shape behavior of participants.
✔✔classroom structures - ✔✔The ways classrooms are organized around learning
tasks and participation, and the ways goals and rewards are defined.
✔✔cluster seating - ✔✔A seating arrangement that puts desks in groups to facilitate
cooperative learning and small-group lessons.
✔✔cognitive-constructivist perspective - ✔✔A view of learning that posits that learning
occurs when learners are actively involved in process of acquiring and constructing their
own knowledge.
✔✔cognitive dissonance - ✔✔Discrepancies or contradictions between what an
individual believes to be accurate or true and what is present in a current situation or
simultaneously held belief.
✔✔cognitive process dimension - ✔✔The dimension in Bloom's revised taxonomy that
identifies the cognitive processes or thinking required of particular learning task.
✔✔cognitive processes - ✔✔The thinking engaged in by teachers and students
✔✔Common Core State Standards - ✔✔A set of curriculum standards adopted by most
states aimed at standardizing what students should know and be able to do.
✔✔communication skills - ✔✔Interpersonal skills that help facilitate the transmission
and reception of verbal and nonverbal messages.
✔✔competitive goal structure - ✔✔Situation that occurs when one person is successful
in reaching his or hear goals when others are unsuccessful.
✔✔concept attainment - ✔✔An inductive approach to teaching concepts by which
students derive the meaning and attributes of a concept from examples and
nonexamples of the concept given by the teacher.
✔✔concepts - ✔✔Ways of organizing knowledge and experiences in categories within
which items have common attributes.
✔✔concept teaching - ✔✔Approaches to teaching in which the emphasis is on helping
students learn how to make and label categories of ideas, objects, and experiences.
, ✔✔conceptual knowledge - ✔✔One of four types of knowledge in Bloom's revised
taxonomy, defined as knowing about the interrelationships among basic elements and
knowing about principles, categories, theories, and models.
✔✔conceptual mapping - ✔✔A technique of visually organizing and diagramming a set
of ideas of concepts in a logical pattern so relationships can be readily observed. Also
called webbing.
✔✔conditional knowledge - ✔✔Knowledge about when it is appropriate to use particular
declarative or procedural knowledge.
✔✔conjunctive concept - ✔✔A concept that has a constant rule structure.
✔✔constructed-response items - ✔✔Type of traditional test items such as essay or
short answer that require students to provide their own responses.
✔✔constructivism - ✔✔A perspective of teaching and learning in which a learner
constructs meaning from experience and interaction with others and the teacher's role is
to provide meaningful experiences for students.
✔✔constructivist perspective - ✔✔A view that knowledge is often personal and that
humans construct knowledge and meaning through experience.
✔✔control group - ✔✔Group of subjects that receives no special treatment during
experimental research.
✔✔convergent questions - ✔✔Type of question that focuses on relationships and
analysis of cause and effect; calls for finding single, best answer.
✔✔cooperative goal structure - ✔✔Situation that occurs when students perceive they
can obtain their goal if, and only if, the other students with whom they work also obtain
their goals.
✔✔corrective feedback - ✔✔Information given to students about how well they are
doing.
✔✔correlation - ✔✔A term used to express how two or more variables are related.
✔✔correlation research - ✔✔A type of research that investigates relationships between
variables that exist naturally.
✔✔correlation coefficient - ✔✔Numbers ranging from +1.00 to - 1.00 that describe the
numerical relationship between variables.