answered graded A+ 2025/2026
**Renegotiations (Ch.11)** - ANS ✔✔-agreements evolve through time
-company (usually) is stronger before entering
Cultural Factors in Negotiations (Ch.11) - ANS ✔✔-Power to make individual decisions
(Individualists vs.
Collective)
-Negotiators from cultures:
~low-context --> quickly to the heart
~high-context --> not
-Pragmatic disaggregation vs. idealistic holistic view
-High trust cultures less prone to cover every detail than low trust cultures
-Monochronic: one issue at a time VS polychronic: all issues simultaneously
-Different punctuality, schedules, and deadlines
-Language factors slow the process
Home country involvement in asset protection (Ch.11) - ANS ✔✔-**international standard of
fair dealing (coercion)**
-
Types of Strategy (Ch.11) - ANS ✔✔1. International
2. Multidomestic
3. Global
,4. Transnational strategy
-Often firms use a mix of these
1. International (Ch.11) - ANS ✔✔Uses existing core competence to exploit opportunities in
foreign markets
ex: Mcdonald's
2. Multidomestic (Ch.11) - ANS ✔✔Foreign subsidiaries operates autonomous units to
customize products and processes to local markets' needs
ex: Johnson & Johnson
3. Global (Ch.11) - ANS ✔✔Views the world as a single market. Tightly controls global
operations from headquarters to preserve focus on standardization
ex: American Express
4. Transnational (Ch. 11) - ANS ✔✔Flexible value chain enables local responsiveness. Complex
coordination mechanisms enable global integration
ex: General Electric
Choosing new locations (Ch. 12) - ANS ✔✔-Scan for alternatives
-Choose and weight variables:
~Opportunities
~Market size
~Ease and compatibility
~Cost and resource availability
-Collect and analyze data for variables
,-Use tools to compare variables and narrow alternatives
Business Constraints (Ch. 12) - ANS ✔✔-Limited resources
-Determine the order of country entry
-Set the rates of resource allocation
Allocating Among Restraints (Ch. 12) - ANS ✔✔-Reinvestment versus harvesting
-Interdependence of locations
-Diversification versus concentration
Issues w/ Emerging Economies (Ch. 12) - ANS ✔✔-Advantages may be short-lived
-Competitors follow leaders
-Little first-in advantage
-Comparability problems
-Foreign costs rise quickly due to
wage pressures & exchange rates
-Lack, obsolescence, inaccurate data/information
-Risk and uncertainty
Sources of Information (Ch. 12) - ANS ✔✔-Individualized reports
-Specialized studies
-Service companies
-Government agencies
-International organizations and agencies
-Trade associations
-Information service companies
, -Internet
Making Final Country Decisions (Ch. 12) - ANS ✔✔-Site visits
-Detailed estimates of costs & expenses
-Invest alone or with a partner
-Examine financial statements for acquisitions
-Watch analysis constraints such as:
~Time
~costs
Export Issues (Ch.13) - ANS ✔✔-What does the company want to gain from exporting?
-Is exporting consistent with company goals?
-What demands will exporting place on:
~Key management and personnel
~Production capacity
~Financing
-Are the benefits worth the costs
-Could resources be better used developing new domestic business
**Characteristics of Exporters (Ch.13)** - ANS ✔✔-Probability: increases with company size
(defined by revenues)
-Intensity: (% of revenues coming from exports), is not positively correlated with company size
Phases of Export Development(Ch.13) - ANS ✔✔1. Preengagement
2. Initial Exporting
3. Advanced