AND SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Games of 1920 - ✔✔Antwerp
-carried out in primitive conditions
-Germany and Allies not allowed to participate
-archery expelled b/c of rules dispute
-*2 important innovations: 5-ringed Olympic flag (which was approved in 1914) designed
by Coubertin & Olympic oath to abide by the rules is 1st used here (b/c of the Jim
Thorpe affair in 1912)
-ice hockey and figure skating at winter games
✔✔Games of 1924 - ✔✔Paris (Summer)
-SUCCESS
-Germany not welcomed by the French hosts
-over 3000 ppl
-introduction of a week of winter sports
*TENNIS WAS EXCLUDED-International tennis federation refused to abide by the
amateur rules
✔✔1st Winter Games - ✔✔1924
Chamonix, France
-1st time for a separate week of winter sports
✔✔Games of 1928 - ✔✔*Amsterdam (Summer)
-a big controversy b/c women part. in 5 track and field events and gymnastics which led
to the International Federation of Women's Sports to create their own quadrennial World
games, renamed the Women's Olympics!
-the last one was in 1934 in London!
-tennis dropped from Olympic program, not to return until 1988
*St. Moritz, Switzerland (Winter)
-Sonja Henie wins 1st (of 3) gold medals in figure skating
✔✔Games of 1936 - ✔✔*Berlin (Summer)
-attempt to org. international boycott of games fails
-Hitler was ruler & Nazi Germany dominates
-*manipulated by Nazi's to promote political supremacy & the Aryan Master Race
-THE MOST GRANDIOSE GAME IN OLYMPIC HISTORY
-IOC is fascist at this time
, *Garmish, Germany (Winter)
-popular success, with .5 million spectators
✔✔Jesse Owens - ✔✔**credited with the most superlative feat ever accomplished in the
history of a sport (track):
**broke *3 world records and tied for another at the National Intercollegiate Meet in
Michigan in May 1935
-won 4 gold medals in 1936 Berlin
✔✔Hitler's snub - ✔✔deliberately avoids acknowledging Owen's victory and refuses to
shake his hand
✔✔Sports during the Cold War - ✔✔-politics influenced who was allowed to enter the
games
-Germany (and allies) are not allowed in 1920 or 1948 games
**Pres. of the IOC had political agendas (Avery Brundage)
**battle to protect 'amateurism'
-Soviet Union had "State Amateurs"
✔✔Games of 1956 - ✔✔Melbourne
**Roger Bannister: (white) of England broke the 4 minute mile barrier
✔✔Black female stars:
1. Wilma Rudolph
2. Rafer Johnson - ✔✔1. **1st African American woman to win 3 gold medals
2. **had the honor of carrying the American flag during the opening ceremonies in
Rome
✔✔Olympic Project for Human Rights (OPHR) - ✔✔**formed by sociologist Harry
Edwards
**-group fully endorsed a boycott of the 1968 Olympics
-the reaction to this proposed boycott was loud and diverse
-black athletes were by no means totally supportive
✔✔Games of 1968 - ✔✔*Mexico City (Summer)