Pubhlth 200 Final Exam questions
with correct answers rated A+ passed
Nine essential public health services - ANS ✔✔1. Monitor population health status to identify
and solve community health problems
2. Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community
3. Inform and educate people about health issues
4. Mobilize community partnerships and action to identify and solve health problems
5. Develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts
6. Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety
7. Link people to needed personal health services and assure the provision of health care when
otherwise unavailable
8. Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based health
services
9. Conduct research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems
Six building blocks of a health system - ANS ✔✔1. WHO looks at health care systems across the
world
2. Delivery of services
3. Health workforce to deliver those services
4. Information has to be collected
5. Medical products, vaccines, and technologies
6. Financing
Public policy - ANS ✔✔Often intervenes when there are market failures or market inefficiencies.
Addresses access to care, financing of health care, and quality of care
,5 A's of (health care) access - ANS ✔✔Affordability, accessibility, availability, accommodation,
and acceptability
Affordability - ANS ✔✔Prices of services meet client's income and ability to pay. If you can't
afford a service, you don't really have access to it
Accessibility - ANS ✔✔Location of supply aligns with location of clients or demand
Availability - ANS ✔✔Size or volume of the supply meets the client's needs. Volume and type of
services vs. resources to client's volume and type of needs. Is it available when you need it?
Accommodation - ANS ✔✔Delivery of healthcare accommodates client's needs. Cultural and
language barriers. People think about health and their bodies and illnesses in different ways
Acceptability - ANS ✔✔Healthcare providers accept all clients regardless of their characteristics
such as age, sex, social class, ethnicity, and type of insurance
Eligibility for Medicare - ANS ✔✔People 65 and older, people of any age who have kidney
failure or long term kidney disease, people who are currently disabled and cannot work
Eligibility for Medicaid - ANS ✔✔Low income, pregnant women, children under 19, people who
are 65+, people who are blind, people who are disabled, people who need nursing home care
Dual eligibility for Medicare and Medicaid - ANS ✔✔Low income people who are disabled and
cannot work, low income and 65+
Medicare - ANS ✔✔1965 amendment to the Social Security Act of 1935. Social insurance for the
elderly and disabled. Nationwide eligibility and benefits. A defined benefit plan with no limit to
,annual spending. Covers 55 million people. Age 65+, and under 65 if disabled by end stage renal
disease (kidney failure) and ALS
Medicaid - ANS ✔✔Covers ~50% of births. Medicaid expanded under Reagan administration to
assist near-poor women in gaining financial access to prenatal care, labor/delivery, and post-
natal care based on previous infant mortality, low birth weight, and negative birth outcomes.
Third largest domestic program in the federal budget (9% and Medicare 14% so together 23%
which is a fourth of the federal budget)
Six dimensions of quality of care - ANS ✔✔Effective, efficient, safe, timely, patient-centered, and
equitable
Effective - ANS ✔✔Providing services based on scientific knowledge to all who could benefit and
refraining from providing services to those not likely to benefit (avoiding underuse and misuse,
respectively)
Efficient - ANS ✔✔Avoiding waste, including waste of equipment, supplies, ideas, and energy
Safe - ANS ✔✔Avoiding harm to patients from the care that is intended to help them
Timely - ANS ✔✔Reducing waits and sometimes harmful delays for both those who receive and
those who give care
Patient-centered - ANS ✔✔Providing care that is respectful of and responsive to individual
patient preferences, needs, and values and ensuring that patient values guide all clinical
decisions
Equitable - ANS ✔✔Providing care that does not vary in quality because of personal
characteristics such as gender, ethnicity, geographic location, and socioeconomic status
, Health care disparity vs health status disparity - ANS ✔✔Health status disparity: a higher
burden of illness, injury, disability, or mortality experienced by one population group relative to
another. Health care disparity: differences between groups in health insurance coverage, access
to and use of care, and quality of care
Social determinants of health - ANS ✔✔Economic stability, neighborhood and physical
environment, education, food, community and social context, health care system, and health
outcomes
Affordable Care Act - ANS ✔✔Passed in 2010, is a historic legislation that ranks with SS,
Medicare, and the Civil Rights Act in creating social change. Makes significant reforms to health
insurance industry and healthcare system, but leaves the overall structure in place. Consists of
10 titles, each dedicated to different parts of the health care system, and subsequent creation
of hundreds of regulations and administrative rules by various agencies within the DHHS. Triple
aim to improve health, maintain or improve quality, and reduce costs
ACA Title I - ANS ✔✔Quality, affordable health care for all Americans. Insurance industry
reforms, guaranteed issue, no rescission, no annual or lifetime caps, cover dependents up to 26
years old, effective clinical preventive services must be offered at no charge to patients, federal
government can regulate insurance company rate increases and unfair practices, health
insurance companies must spend 80-85% of premiums on health care, limit on annual out of
pocket spending, essential health benefits package, employer and individual mandates,
insurance subsidies for low-income persons through marketplace exchanges
ACA Title II - ANS ✔✔Role of public programs. Medicaid, Indian Healthcare Improvement act
permanently reauthorized - extends current law and authorizes new programs and services
within IHS, and community health centers
ACA Title III - ANS ✔✔Improving quality and efficiency of health care. Moves health care
financing away from fee-for-service to value-based payments based on quality and efficiency.
with correct answers rated A+ passed
Nine essential public health services - ANS ✔✔1. Monitor population health status to identify
and solve community health problems
2. Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community
3. Inform and educate people about health issues
4. Mobilize community partnerships and action to identify and solve health problems
5. Develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts
6. Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety
7. Link people to needed personal health services and assure the provision of health care when
otherwise unavailable
8. Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based health
services
9. Conduct research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems
Six building blocks of a health system - ANS ✔✔1. WHO looks at health care systems across the
world
2. Delivery of services
3. Health workforce to deliver those services
4. Information has to be collected
5. Medical products, vaccines, and technologies
6. Financing
Public policy - ANS ✔✔Often intervenes when there are market failures or market inefficiencies.
Addresses access to care, financing of health care, and quality of care
,5 A's of (health care) access - ANS ✔✔Affordability, accessibility, availability, accommodation,
and acceptability
Affordability - ANS ✔✔Prices of services meet client's income and ability to pay. If you can't
afford a service, you don't really have access to it
Accessibility - ANS ✔✔Location of supply aligns with location of clients or demand
Availability - ANS ✔✔Size or volume of the supply meets the client's needs. Volume and type of
services vs. resources to client's volume and type of needs. Is it available when you need it?
Accommodation - ANS ✔✔Delivery of healthcare accommodates client's needs. Cultural and
language barriers. People think about health and their bodies and illnesses in different ways
Acceptability - ANS ✔✔Healthcare providers accept all clients regardless of their characteristics
such as age, sex, social class, ethnicity, and type of insurance
Eligibility for Medicare - ANS ✔✔People 65 and older, people of any age who have kidney
failure or long term kidney disease, people who are currently disabled and cannot work
Eligibility for Medicaid - ANS ✔✔Low income, pregnant women, children under 19, people who
are 65+, people who are blind, people who are disabled, people who need nursing home care
Dual eligibility for Medicare and Medicaid - ANS ✔✔Low income people who are disabled and
cannot work, low income and 65+
Medicare - ANS ✔✔1965 amendment to the Social Security Act of 1935. Social insurance for the
elderly and disabled. Nationwide eligibility and benefits. A defined benefit plan with no limit to
,annual spending. Covers 55 million people. Age 65+, and under 65 if disabled by end stage renal
disease (kidney failure) and ALS
Medicaid - ANS ✔✔Covers ~50% of births. Medicaid expanded under Reagan administration to
assist near-poor women in gaining financial access to prenatal care, labor/delivery, and post-
natal care based on previous infant mortality, low birth weight, and negative birth outcomes.
Third largest domestic program in the federal budget (9% and Medicare 14% so together 23%
which is a fourth of the federal budget)
Six dimensions of quality of care - ANS ✔✔Effective, efficient, safe, timely, patient-centered, and
equitable
Effective - ANS ✔✔Providing services based on scientific knowledge to all who could benefit and
refraining from providing services to those not likely to benefit (avoiding underuse and misuse,
respectively)
Efficient - ANS ✔✔Avoiding waste, including waste of equipment, supplies, ideas, and energy
Safe - ANS ✔✔Avoiding harm to patients from the care that is intended to help them
Timely - ANS ✔✔Reducing waits and sometimes harmful delays for both those who receive and
those who give care
Patient-centered - ANS ✔✔Providing care that is respectful of and responsive to individual
patient preferences, needs, and values and ensuring that patient values guide all clinical
decisions
Equitable - ANS ✔✔Providing care that does not vary in quality because of personal
characteristics such as gender, ethnicity, geographic location, and socioeconomic status
, Health care disparity vs health status disparity - ANS ✔✔Health status disparity: a higher
burden of illness, injury, disability, or mortality experienced by one population group relative to
another. Health care disparity: differences between groups in health insurance coverage, access
to and use of care, and quality of care
Social determinants of health - ANS ✔✔Economic stability, neighborhood and physical
environment, education, food, community and social context, health care system, and health
outcomes
Affordable Care Act - ANS ✔✔Passed in 2010, is a historic legislation that ranks with SS,
Medicare, and the Civil Rights Act in creating social change. Makes significant reforms to health
insurance industry and healthcare system, but leaves the overall structure in place. Consists of
10 titles, each dedicated to different parts of the health care system, and subsequent creation
of hundreds of regulations and administrative rules by various agencies within the DHHS. Triple
aim to improve health, maintain or improve quality, and reduce costs
ACA Title I - ANS ✔✔Quality, affordable health care for all Americans. Insurance industry
reforms, guaranteed issue, no rescission, no annual or lifetime caps, cover dependents up to 26
years old, effective clinical preventive services must be offered at no charge to patients, federal
government can regulate insurance company rate increases and unfair practices, health
insurance companies must spend 80-85% of premiums on health care, limit on annual out of
pocket spending, essential health benefits package, employer and individual mandates,
insurance subsidies for low-income persons through marketplace exchanges
ACA Title II - ANS ✔✔Role of public programs. Medicaid, Indian Healthcare Improvement act
permanently reauthorized - extends current law and authorizes new programs and services
within IHS, and community health centers
ACA Title III - ANS ✔✔Improving quality and efficiency of health care. Moves health care
financing away from fee-for-service to value-based payments based on quality and efficiency.
