NR283 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL
EXAM WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS 2026
what is osteoporosis? correct answer complex, chronic, multi
factorial disease that decreases bone mineral density
what are the risk factors for osteoporosis? correct answer
white female, postmenopausal, aging, sedentary lifestyle, and
hyperparathyroidism
what are the symptoms of osteoporosis? correct answer silent
until fractures occur, back pain
what are patients at risk for with osteoporosis? correct answer
fractures
what is the health promotion for osteoporosis? correct answer
active lifestyle, calcium/vitamin D supplements
what is the pathology of osteoporosis? correct answer -Bone
remodeling
-increased bone re absorption
-decreased bone formation causing thin, fragile bones
-fractures.
-Increased osteoclast activity
-decreased osteoblast activity.
,what is the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis? correct answer -
chronic, systemic, inflammatory autoimmune disease
-exaggerated immune response
-neutrophils degrade surface layer of cartilage -inflammatory
cytokines breaking down cartilage and bone then T-cells
-fibroblasts to turn into a thick abnormal layer of tissue
-inflammation is constant and spreads to ALL synovial joints
what are the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis?
correct answer inflammation, fever, weakness, joint deformity,
aching and stiffness, painful, tender, and stiff joint, loss of
function, and cyst in the joint.
what is the differentiation from osteoarthritis and rheumatoid
arthritis? correct answer systemic symptoms
ex.) fever
osteoarthritis: load bearing, sports, and trauma
rheumatoid: Autoimmune
what is a spiral fracture and who is most at risk? correct answer
a twist of the bone looking like a spiral, most common in children
due to child abuse
what does RICE stand for in regards to injury? correct answer
Rest
Ice
Compression
, Elevate
what do prostaglandin, histamine, and cytokine do for the body?
correct answer Decrease pain threshold=increased pain
sensation
ex.) Sun burn
what does seranin and GABA do for the body? correct answer
reduce translation of pain
ex) labor
what do endorphins do for the body? correct answer prevent
transmission of pain signals
ex.) exercise
what pathway of pain is Efferent? correct answer CNS to PNS
what to do with the pain
what pathway of pain is Afferent? correct answer PNS to CNS
processed by the brain
what is pain tolerance? correct answer amount of pain body
can handle before you involuntarily remove the stimuli
what is pain threshold? correct answer *same for everyone*
Minimum amount of stimuli it takes to perceive pain
EXAM WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS 2026
what is osteoporosis? correct answer complex, chronic, multi
factorial disease that decreases bone mineral density
what are the risk factors for osteoporosis? correct answer
white female, postmenopausal, aging, sedentary lifestyle, and
hyperparathyroidism
what are the symptoms of osteoporosis? correct answer silent
until fractures occur, back pain
what are patients at risk for with osteoporosis? correct answer
fractures
what is the health promotion for osteoporosis? correct answer
active lifestyle, calcium/vitamin D supplements
what is the pathology of osteoporosis? correct answer -Bone
remodeling
-increased bone re absorption
-decreased bone formation causing thin, fragile bones
-fractures.
-Increased osteoclast activity
-decreased osteoblast activity.
,what is the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis? correct answer -
chronic, systemic, inflammatory autoimmune disease
-exaggerated immune response
-neutrophils degrade surface layer of cartilage -inflammatory
cytokines breaking down cartilage and bone then T-cells
-fibroblasts to turn into a thick abnormal layer of tissue
-inflammation is constant and spreads to ALL synovial joints
what are the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis?
correct answer inflammation, fever, weakness, joint deformity,
aching and stiffness, painful, tender, and stiff joint, loss of
function, and cyst in the joint.
what is the differentiation from osteoarthritis and rheumatoid
arthritis? correct answer systemic symptoms
ex.) fever
osteoarthritis: load bearing, sports, and trauma
rheumatoid: Autoimmune
what is a spiral fracture and who is most at risk? correct answer
a twist of the bone looking like a spiral, most common in children
due to child abuse
what does RICE stand for in regards to injury? correct answer
Rest
Ice
Compression
, Elevate
what do prostaglandin, histamine, and cytokine do for the body?
correct answer Decrease pain threshold=increased pain
sensation
ex.) Sun burn
what does seranin and GABA do for the body? correct answer
reduce translation of pain
ex) labor
what do endorphins do for the body? correct answer prevent
transmission of pain signals
ex.) exercise
what pathway of pain is Efferent? correct answer CNS to PNS
what to do with the pain
what pathway of pain is Afferent? correct answer PNS to CNS
processed by the brain
what is pain tolerance? correct answer amount of pain body
can handle before you involuntarily remove the stimuli
what is pain threshold? correct answer *same for everyone*
Minimum amount of stimuli it takes to perceive pain
