Scheduled maintenance: 30 January 2026 from 08:00 to 10:00
NURS 5315 UTA Exam 2
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HIV EIA (3rd generation can use urine, saliva, or serum (most accurate),
immunoassay) need to wait until 12 weeks post exposure to see
antibodies, >99% accurate
4th generation immunoassay- "gold standard"
measures P24 antigen
can test 10 days post exposure
Mast cell Cellular bags of granules located in loose
connective tisssue close to blood vessels.
Activation initiates inflammatory process.
Histamine Causes vasodilation, increases vascular
permeability, increases blood flow to the site of
injury- causes erythema and swelling.
Cytokines Soluble factors that contribute to the regulation of
innate or adaptive resistance by affecting other
neighboring cells. Can be pro-inflammatory or
anti-inflammatory. Can react quickly or be more
delayed.
,Leukotrines Released when mast cells degranulate, prolong the
inflammatory process. Cause vasodilation, attract
neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils.target of
inhibition for singular.
Prostaglandins Released when mast cells degranulate, are
produced by the arachidonic pathway. Cause
vasodilation, platelet aggregation at site of injury,
pain, and fever.
Chemotactic factors Biochemical substance that attracts leukocyte to
the site of inflammation
Neutrophils Predominant leukocyte at work during the early
stages of acute inflammation
Monocytes Become macrophages when entering the tissue,
responsible for presenting antigens to the CD4 cell
which triggers T-cell immunity and B-cell immunity.
Releases additional cytokines IL1, IL6, TNF.
Cytokine IL1 function Causes fever, activates phagocytes & lymphocytes
and also increases the release of IL6a
Cytokine IL6 function Stimulates production of acute phase reactants and
promotes growth and stimulation of RBCs
Cytokine TNF function Causes fever, increases synthesis of
proinflammatory proteins by liver, causes muscle
wasting, induces thrombosis
Cytokine growth factor function Promotes production and maturation of neutrophils
, Complement Functions include bacterial lysis, vasodilation and
increased vascular permeability, triggers mast cell
degranulation, chemotaxis, and opsonization.
Kinin Converted to bradykinin which is responsible for
pain and chemotaxis, and it increases vascular
permeability and vasodilation.
Coagulation cascade Factor XII activates kinin. Function is to form fibrin
mesh to stop bleeding and trap micro organisms.
COX1 Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Provides
gastroprotection, platelet aggregation,
fluid/electrolyte balance
COX2 Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Responsible
for pain, fever, renal protection, tissue repair,
reproduction development.
COX2 inhibitors- clinical implications Protect gastric mucosa- prevent ulcers and
bleeding. Removed from market r/t cardiac events
except for Celebrex. Can impair renal function ,
monitor labs.
Arachidonic pathway purpose Synthesis of prostaglandins
Non-selective NSAIDS Inhibit COX1 and COX2, risk for gastric ulceration,
GI bleeds, edema, renal impairment
ASA Blocks COX1 and COX2, also inhibits Thromboxane
A2 and prostaglandins
NURS 5315 UTA Exam 2
Save
HIV EIA (3rd generation can use urine, saliva, or serum (most accurate),
immunoassay) need to wait until 12 weeks post exposure to see
antibodies, >99% accurate
4th generation immunoassay- "gold standard"
measures P24 antigen
can test 10 days post exposure
Mast cell Cellular bags of granules located in loose
connective tisssue close to blood vessels.
Activation initiates inflammatory process.
Histamine Causes vasodilation, increases vascular
permeability, increases blood flow to the site of
injury- causes erythema and swelling.
Cytokines Soluble factors that contribute to the regulation of
innate or adaptive resistance by affecting other
neighboring cells. Can be pro-inflammatory or
anti-inflammatory. Can react quickly or be more
delayed.
,Leukotrines Released when mast cells degranulate, prolong the
inflammatory process. Cause vasodilation, attract
neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils.target of
inhibition for singular.
Prostaglandins Released when mast cells degranulate, are
produced by the arachidonic pathway. Cause
vasodilation, platelet aggregation at site of injury,
pain, and fever.
Chemotactic factors Biochemical substance that attracts leukocyte to
the site of inflammation
Neutrophils Predominant leukocyte at work during the early
stages of acute inflammation
Monocytes Become macrophages when entering the tissue,
responsible for presenting antigens to the CD4 cell
which triggers T-cell immunity and B-cell immunity.
Releases additional cytokines IL1, IL6, TNF.
Cytokine IL1 function Causes fever, activates phagocytes & lymphocytes
and also increases the release of IL6a
Cytokine IL6 function Stimulates production of acute phase reactants and
promotes growth and stimulation of RBCs
Cytokine TNF function Causes fever, increases synthesis of
proinflammatory proteins by liver, causes muscle
wasting, induces thrombosis
Cytokine growth factor function Promotes production and maturation of neutrophils
, Complement Functions include bacterial lysis, vasodilation and
increased vascular permeability, triggers mast cell
degranulation, chemotaxis, and opsonization.
Kinin Converted to bradykinin which is responsible for
pain and chemotaxis, and it increases vascular
permeability and vasodilation.
Coagulation cascade Factor XII activates kinin. Function is to form fibrin
mesh to stop bleeding and trap micro organisms.
COX1 Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Provides
gastroprotection, platelet aggregation,
fluid/electrolyte balance
COX2 Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Responsible
for pain, fever, renal protection, tissue repair,
reproduction development.
COX2 inhibitors- clinical implications Protect gastric mucosa- prevent ulcers and
bleeding. Removed from market r/t cardiac events
except for Celebrex. Can impair renal function ,
monitor labs.
Arachidonic pathway purpose Synthesis of prostaglandins
Non-selective NSAIDS Inhibit COX1 and COX2, risk for gastric ulceration,
GI bleeds, edema, renal impairment
ASA Blocks COX1 and COX2, also inhibits Thromboxane
A2 and prostaglandins
