GEOLOGY 1500 FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALL
CORRECT
What tectonic boundary is associated with compressional stress? - Answer- Convergent
A rubber band being stretched in preparation to fire across the room is an example of
what kind of deformation? - Answer- Elastic deformation
Unbending a paper clip wire is an example of what kind of deformation? - Answer-
Ductile deformation
Which tectonic boundary would have many normal faults associated with it? - Answer-
Divergent
A ________ fault is created when the hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall. -
Answer- reverse
Which tectonic boundary would have many thrust faults associated with it? - Answer-
Convergent
What is the difference between a reverse fault and a thrust fault? - Answer- A thrust
fault has a fault angle of less than 45 degrees, whereas the angle of a reverse fault is
greater
Some of the most destructive earthquakes, such as the Haitian earthquake of 2010,
occur along _____ faults - Answer- reverse
What is the difference between faults and joints? - Answer- Joints form in a place,
whereas faults form because rock has moved
Which of the following is an example of brittle deformation? - Answer- Bending
uncooked spaghetti noodles until they break
What is a fault? - Answer- A fracture in a rock along which motion has occurred
Folds form in _______ temperature- _______ pressure environments. - Answer- high;
high-
, Faults form in _______ temperature- ________ pressure environments. - Answer- low;
high-
A ______ is a circular fold where the youngest layers are in the middle and the oldest
layers are in the outside. - Answer- basin
Traditionally, a region is defined as a desert if it receives less than ______ centimeters
of rain per year. - Answer- 10
From a climatological perspective, a region is a desert if ______. - Answer- yearly
precipitation is less than evaporation
A true desert is defined by a lack of what substance? - Answer- water
Most dry lands exist between ______ degrees latitude on either side of the equator. -
Answer- 20 and 30
Which of the following statements about deserts is true? - Answer- although rainfalls are
infrequent, erosion and deposition related to water are important in deserts
What percentage of Earth's land area is covered by dry regions such as deserts and
steppes? - Answer- 30%
Which of the following areas is known for its rainshadow deserts? - Answer- Great
Valley of Central California
Within water-deficient regions, two climatic types are recognized. What are they? -
Answer- Desert and steppe
Why do deserts lack thick deposits of soil? - Answer- Warm temperatures and high soil
moisture contents accelerate chemical weathering
In a desert environment, which area would surface water infiltrate into the local
groundwater system most effectively? - Answer- streams flowing across an alluvial fan
What is the definition of an ephemeral stream? - Answer- an intermittent stream that
only has water after specific episodes of rain
There are many names for ephemeral desert streams that remain empty for most of the
year. Which of the following is not another name for an ephemeral desert stream? -
Answer- playa
_________ weathering is most common in a desert environment. - Answer- mechanical
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALL
CORRECT
What tectonic boundary is associated with compressional stress? - Answer- Convergent
A rubber band being stretched in preparation to fire across the room is an example of
what kind of deformation? - Answer- Elastic deformation
Unbending a paper clip wire is an example of what kind of deformation? - Answer-
Ductile deformation
Which tectonic boundary would have many normal faults associated with it? - Answer-
Divergent
A ________ fault is created when the hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall. -
Answer- reverse
Which tectonic boundary would have many thrust faults associated with it? - Answer-
Convergent
What is the difference between a reverse fault and a thrust fault? - Answer- A thrust
fault has a fault angle of less than 45 degrees, whereas the angle of a reverse fault is
greater
Some of the most destructive earthquakes, such as the Haitian earthquake of 2010,
occur along _____ faults - Answer- reverse
What is the difference between faults and joints? - Answer- Joints form in a place,
whereas faults form because rock has moved
Which of the following is an example of brittle deformation? - Answer- Bending
uncooked spaghetti noodles until they break
What is a fault? - Answer- A fracture in a rock along which motion has occurred
Folds form in _______ temperature- _______ pressure environments. - Answer- high;
high-
, Faults form in _______ temperature- ________ pressure environments. - Answer- low;
high-
A ______ is a circular fold where the youngest layers are in the middle and the oldest
layers are in the outside. - Answer- basin
Traditionally, a region is defined as a desert if it receives less than ______ centimeters
of rain per year. - Answer- 10
From a climatological perspective, a region is a desert if ______. - Answer- yearly
precipitation is less than evaporation
A true desert is defined by a lack of what substance? - Answer- water
Most dry lands exist between ______ degrees latitude on either side of the equator. -
Answer- 20 and 30
Which of the following statements about deserts is true? - Answer- although rainfalls are
infrequent, erosion and deposition related to water are important in deserts
What percentage of Earth's land area is covered by dry regions such as deserts and
steppes? - Answer- 30%
Which of the following areas is known for its rainshadow deserts? - Answer- Great
Valley of Central California
Within water-deficient regions, two climatic types are recognized. What are they? -
Answer- Desert and steppe
Why do deserts lack thick deposits of soil? - Answer- Warm temperatures and high soil
moisture contents accelerate chemical weathering
In a desert environment, which area would surface water infiltrate into the local
groundwater system most effectively? - Answer- streams flowing across an alluvial fan
What is the definition of an ephemeral stream? - Answer- an intermittent stream that
only has water after specific episodes of rain
There are many names for ephemeral desert streams that remain empty for most of the
year. Which of the following is not another name for an ephemeral desert stream? -
Answer- playa
_________ weathering is most common in a desert environment. - Answer- mechanical
