NR 341 PHARMACOLOGY CJE EXAM ,||VERIFIED
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What are common sensory motor defects in elderly
patients? - Answer-Elderly patients may experience
sensory motor defects.
What cardiovascular changes occur in elderly patients? -
Answer-Elderly patients experience decreased cardiac
output (CO) and blood flow.
What is polypharmacy and why is it common in elderly
patients? - Answer-Polypharmacy refers to the use of
multiple medications, which is common in elderly patients
due to chronic illnesses.
How does aging affect drug absorption in elderly patients?
- Answer-Aging leads to decreased gastric pH, decreased
peristalsis, and reduced GI blood flow.
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What changes occur in drug distribution in elderly
patients? - Answer-Elderly patients have increased fat
content, decreased body mass and albumin, and
decreased body water.
How does metabolism change in elderly patients? -
Answer-Elderly patients experience a slower first-pass
effect.
What is the impact of aging on drug excretion? - Answer-
Aging results in decreased Glomerular Filtration Rate
(GFR).
What is crucial for pediatric patients regarding medication?
- Answer-Weight/dose calculation is crucial due to limited
studies on pediatric patients.
How does drug absorption differ in pediatric patients? -
Answer-Pediatric patients have less acidic pH until 1-2
years old, slow gastric emptying, faster IM absorption, and
thinner skin.
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What are the distribution characteristics of drugs in
pediatric patients? - Answer-Pediatric patients have low fat
content, decreased protein binding, increased blood-brain
barrier permeability, and dehydration.
How does metabolism in pediatric patients differ from
adults? - Answer-Pediatric patients have an immature first-
pass effect, while older children may have increased
metabolism.
What is the effect of immature kidney function on drug
excretion in pediatric patients? - Answer-Decreased
perfusion and immature kidney function lead to decreased
drug excretion.
What are the pregnancy categories for medications? -
Answer-Category A: No risk to humans; Category B: No
risk to animal fetus; Category C: Adverse risk to animal
fetus; Category D: Possible risk to fetus; Category X: Fetal
abnormalities reported, DO NOT GIVE.
What should be considered for lactating mothers regarding
medication? - Answer-Risk is present for lactating mothers
despite low medication concentration.