NR283 - PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - FINAL EXAM WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS 2026

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NR283 - PATHOPHYSIOLOGY -
FINAL EXAM WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS 2026


Type 1 Diabetes correct answer *ZERO* insulin production


*Cause:*
- autoimmune


*Patho:*
- beta cells are destroyed


*S&S*
- polyuria
- polyphagia
- polydipsia
- glucose in urine
- dehydration
- hyperglycemia


Type 1 Diabetes Crisis correct answer *DKA*


*Cause:*

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- infection
- stress
- medication incompliance
- diet incompliance


*Patho:*
- hyperglycemia -> zero insulin -> body goes elsewhere for
energy -> break down of fats -> ketones -> acidosis (DKA)


*S&S*
- polyuria
- polyphagia
- polydipsia
- F/E imbalance
- fruity breath
- ketonuria
- kussmaul breathing (rapid deep breaths)


Type 2 Diabetes correct answer insulin resistance
decreased insulin production


*Cause:*
- genetics
- obesity

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*Patho:*
- resistance DT insulin not working
- decrease production (body compensation - releases insulin)
- stops releasing insulin DT nonuse (hyperinsulemia)


*S&S*
- polyuria
- polyphagia
- polydipsia
- glucose in urine
- hyperglycemia


*acidosis death*


*reversible with diet and exercise*


Type 2 Diabetes Crisis correct answer *HHNKS* - rare


*Cause:*
- elderly
- poor diet


*Patho:*
- insulin resistance

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*S&S*
- SEVERE hyperglycemia
- SEVERE dehydration
- electrolyte imbalance


*Complications:*
- hyperglycemia
-- confusion
-- lethargy
-- coma
-- slurred speeche
-- parathesia (pins and needles)
-- shakiness
-- diaphoresis
- nephropathy (ESKD)
- neuropathy (amputation)
- retinopathy (blindness)


*reversible with diet and exercise*


hyperthyroidism correct answer *Grave's Disease*


*Cause:*
- autoimmune