NSG 3100 Midterm Review Fluid Electrolytes and ABGs with Answers

Chapter 39 – Fluid, Electrolytes and ABGs Quiz Review



1.
The nurse will be caring for a patient who is severely malnourished. Laboratory test results
show that the patient’s albumin level is critically low. What assessment finding will the nurse
expect to note when assessing the patient?
A. The patient has generalized 3+ pitting edema. Correct
B. The patient is confused and disoriented.
C. The patient’s urine is dark and very concentrated.
D. The patient’s lung sounds are much diminished.
2.
The nurse is reviewing the patient’s laboratory results. Which result must be communicated
to the physician immediately?
A. Serum chloride level 85 mEq/L
B. Serum sodium level 134 mEq/L
C. Serum potassium level 6.8 mEq/L Correct
D. Serum magnesium level 2.3 mEq/L
3.
The nurse is caring for a patient who is at risk for fluid overload due to a history of congestive
heart failure. Which intervention will the nurse teach the patient to perform at home to
monitor fluid balance?
A. “Check to make sure that your urine is a bright yellow color.”
B. “Weigh yourself every morning before breakfast.” Correct
C. “Count your heart rate every evening before you go to bed.”
D. “Drink plain water rather than soda, coffee, or fruit juice.”
4.
The nurse is caring for a patient who is admitted to the hospital with diabetic ketoacidosis.
Which assessment finding indicates an attempt made by the patient’s body to correct the
pH?
A. The patient’s respirations are very deep and rapid. Correct
B. The patient’s urine is dark and concentrated.
C. The patient’s skin is pale, cool, and diaphoretic.
D. The patient is sleepy and difficult to arouse.
5.
The nurse is caring for a patient who takes furosemide (Lasix) daily to treat congestive heart
failure. The nurse will watch for which electrolyte imbalance that may occur due to this
therapy?
A. Hypocalcemia
B. Hypernatremia
C. Hypokalemia Correct
D. Hyperphosphatemia
6.

, The nurse is caring for a patient who was brought to the ED after overdosing on narcotic
pain medication. The patient was found unresponsive with no respirations. Arterial blood
gases were drawn shortly after the patient’s arrival to the hospital. Which results will the
nurse expect to see?
A. pH 7.56, PaCO2 32 mm Hg, HCO3 32 mEq/L, PaO2 90 mm Hg
B. pH 7.35, PaCO2 45 mm Hg, HCO3 26 mEq/L, PaO2 70 mm Hg
C. pH 7.45, PaCO2 38 mm Hg, HCO3 28 mEq/L, PaO2 80 mm Hg
D. pH 7.27, PaCO2 58 mm Hg, HCO3 24 mEq/L, PaO2 60 mm Hg Correct
7.
The nurse is caring for a patient who is admitted to the hospital with dehydration and
gastroenteritis. The patient attempted to walk to the bathroom and fainted right after getting
out of bed. The nurse knows which condition to be the most likely cause of the patient’s
collapse?
A. Orthostatic hypotension Correct
B. Circulatory overload
C. Hemolytic reaction
D. Catheter embolism
8.
The nurse is caring for a patient whose ABG results reveal the following: pH 7.56, PaCO2 32
mm Hg, HCO3 42 mEq/L, PaO2 90 mm Hg. Which condition will the nurse expect to see in
the patient’s chart as the underlying cause of these results?
A. Gastroenteritis with severe nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea Correct
B. Widespread tissue ischemia caused by cardiogenic shock
C. Respiratory failure caused by pneumonia with pleural effusions
D. Hyperventilation after a panic attack
9.
The nurse is caring for a patient who has a 1200 mL daily fluid restriction. The patient has
consumed 250 mL with each of the three meals and had another 150 mL with medication
administration. The patient has received 150 mL of IV fluids during the day. How many mL of
fluid may the patient still consume to stay within the prescribed fluid restriction?
A. 100 mL
B. 150 mL Correct
C. 250 mL
D. 300 mL
10.
The nurse is caring for a patient who has a history of heart failure. The nurse includes the
diagnosis hypervolemia in the patient’s care plan. Which goal statement has the highest
priority for the patient and nurse?
A. The patient’s lung sounds will remain clear. Correct
B. The patient will have urine output of at least 30 mL/hr.
C. The patient will verbalize understanding of fluid restrictions.
D. The patient’s pitting pedal edema will resolve within 72 hours.
11.