Focus WITH LATEST EXAM UPDATE
Informed consent - ANSWER//A legal process where the patient agrees to treatment
after understanding risks, benefits, and alternatives.
nurse's role in informed consent - ANSWER//Witnessing the signature and confirming
patient understanding—not explaining procedures.
advance directives - ANSWER//Legal documents outlining a patient's wishes for care if
they become incapacitated.
autonomy in nursing ethics - ANSWER//Respecting a patient's right to make their own
healthcare decisions.
beneficence - ANSWER//Doing good for the patient.
nonmaleficence - ANSWER//Do no harm.
incident report - ANSWER//A document completed when an unexpected event occurs,
not part of the medical record.
tasks delegated to a UAP - ANSWER//ADLs, vital signs, hygiene, ambulation, feeding
(no swallowing risk).
tasks delegated to an LPN - ANSWER//Stable clients, PO meds, wound care, Foley
insertion.
fidelity - ANSWER//Keeping promises and being faithful to commitments.
veracity - ANSWER//Telling the truth.
Patient Bill of Rights - ANSWER//Ensures patients are treated fairly and have autonomy
and information.
who can give informed consent - ANSWER//Adults, emancipated minors, or legal
guardians for minors.
purpose of a living will - ANSWER//To document desired medical treatment in case of
terminal illness.
durable power of attorney - ANSWER//Someone designated to make healthcare
decisions on behalf of the patient.
, documentation best practice - ANSWER//Timely, objective, accurate, and legible.
principle of justice in nursing - ANSWER//Fairness in care delivery.
nurse's responsibility with refusal of care - ANSWER//Inform of consequences,
document, and notify provider.
when are restraints appropriate - ANSWER//Last resort, with provider order, time-
limited, with ongoing assessment.
delegation vs assignment - ANSWER//Delegation transfers task responsibility,
assignment transfers full responsibility.
Tuberculosis - ANSWER//Yes, it is a CDC Notifiable Disease in 2025.
Measles - ANSWER//Yes, it is a CDC Notifiable Disease in 2025.
Gonorrhea - ANSWER//Yes, it is a CDC Notifiable Disease in 2025.
Hepatitis A/B/C - ANSWER//Yes, it is a CDC Notifiable Disease in 2025.
COVID-19 - ANSWER//Yes, it is a CDC Notifiable Disease in 2025.
Syphilis - ANSWER//Yes, it is a CDC Notifiable Disease in 2025.
Varicella - ANSWER//Yes, it is a CDC Notifiable Disease in 2025.
Rabies - ANSWER//Yes, it is a CDC Notifiable Disease in 2025.
Lyme Disease - ANSWER//Yes, it is a CDC Notifiable Disease in 2025.
Chlamydia - ANSWER//Yes, it is a CDC Notifiable Disease in 2025.
normal range for potassium (K+) - ANSWER//3.5-5.0 mEq/L
normal range for sodium (Na+) - ANSWER//135-145 mEq/L
normal range for calcium - ANSWER//9-10.5 mg/dL
normal range for WBC - ANSWER//5,000-10,000/mm³
normal range for hemoglobin - ANSWER//F: 12-16 g/dL | M: 14-18 g/dL
normal platelet count - ANSWER//150,000-400,000/mm³
normal BUN - ANSWER//10-20 mg/dL