01. Nuclide
End date @June 13, 2025
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Class Nuclear and Radiochemistry - Part I
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Weak Point
Atomic Species
Atom and atomic nucleus
Atom — the smallest unit of an element that still retains the chemical properties of that element. Everything around us is made up of atoms. It is considered as
the fundamental building block of matter where each atom consists of a central nucleus and electrons that move around it.
Structure of the atom — An atom is made up out of:
The atomic nucleus — it contains positively charged protons, contains a neutral charged neutrons (collectively neutrons and protons are called nucleons).
The nucleus is very dense and contains almost all the mass of the atom.
The electron cloud — it contains negatively charged electrons which occupy different regions in the electron cloud (called orbitals). The orbitals are
arranged based on their energy level (k,l,m-shells).
The atomic nucleus is extremely small compared to the overall size of the atom — about 10,000 times larger than its nucleus.
The mass of the protons is about 2,000 times larger than the mass of an electron:
mp = 2000 ⋅ me
Nuclide & Radionuclide
Nuclide — a specific type of atomic species that is characterized by two key numbers:
Z = atomic number — total number of protons
A = mass number — total number of protons and neutrons
A
N uclide − X − A = Z + N
Z
Radionuclide — a radioactive nuclide that is unstable and undergoes radioactive decay over time, releasing particles or energy to reach a more stable state.
Examples are Strontium-90, Uranium-235 and Plutonium-239.
01. Nuclide 1
End date @June 13, 2025
Theory Not started
Class Nuclear and Radiochemistry - Part I
Exercises Not started
Select Summarized
Study Master
Urgency !!
Weak Point
Atomic Species
Atom and atomic nucleus
Atom — the smallest unit of an element that still retains the chemical properties of that element. Everything around us is made up of atoms. It is considered as
the fundamental building block of matter where each atom consists of a central nucleus and electrons that move around it.
Structure of the atom — An atom is made up out of:
The atomic nucleus — it contains positively charged protons, contains a neutral charged neutrons (collectively neutrons and protons are called nucleons).
The nucleus is very dense and contains almost all the mass of the atom.
The electron cloud — it contains negatively charged electrons which occupy different regions in the electron cloud (called orbitals). The orbitals are
arranged based on their energy level (k,l,m-shells).
The atomic nucleus is extremely small compared to the overall size of the atom — about 10,000 times larger than its nucleus.
The mass of the protons is about 2,000 times larger than the mass of an electron:
mp = 2000 ⋅ me
Nuclide & Radionuclide
Nuclide — a specific type of atomic species that is characterized by two key numbers:
Z = atomic number — total number of protons
A = mass number — total number of protons and neutrons
A
N uclide − X − A = Z + N
Z
Radionuclide — a radioactive nuclide that is unstable and undergoes radioactive decay over time, releasing particles or energy to reach a more stable state.
Examples are Strontium-90, Uranium-235 and Plutonium-239.
01. Nuclide 1
