PSYC 388 Actual Exams Questions with Detailed Answers

PSYC 388 Actual Exams Questions with Detailed Answers 1. Relationship awareness - ANSWER empathy, organizationally aware, service orientation, understand "political" currents 2. Relationship management - ANSWER conflict, building instrumental bonds, developing potential in others, influence/persuasion, catalyst for change 3. Emotional intelligence - ANSWER the abilities and aptitudes one has to deal with their own emotions and the emotions of others 4. Dominance, influence, steadiness, conscientiousness - ANSWER Disc stands for what? 5. dominance - ANSWER assertive and results-oriented; tend to take charge, make decisions, and control the direction of tasks and projects; emphasis on accomplishing results, the bottom line, and has high confidence; overcoming opposition to accomplish results; sees the big picture, can be blunt, accepts challenges, straight to the point 6. influence - ANSWER emphasis on persuading others, openness, relationships; shaping the environment by persuading others; shows enthusiasm, is optimistic, likes to collaborate, dislikes being ignored; engaging and enthusiastic; build a sense of excitement and fun 7. steadiness - ANSWER emphasis on cooperation, sincerity, and dependability; cooperating with others within existing circumstances to carry out the task; doesn't like to be rushed, calm manner and approach, supportive, humility; helpful and caring towards others; empathetic and compassionate 8. Escape responses - ANSWER suicide, flight, denial 9. Define counselling using the CCPA Definition - ANSWER The overall aim of counsellors is to provide an opportunity for people to work towards living more satisfyingly and resourcefully. 10. Counselling relationships will vary according to need but may be concerned with developmental issues, addressing and resolving specific problems, making decisions, coping with crisis, developing personal insights and knowledge, working through feelings of inner conflict or improving relationships with others. List the major events that influenced the development of counselling from before 1900 to 2000. - ANSWER Before 1900 -Counselling grew out of humanitarian concern for the lives of those impacted by the Industrial Revolution Moral Therapy Movement (France/Canada) -Mental Health Movement () + Clifford Beers (Advocate (with lived experience) for better mental health facilities and reform in treatment of those with mental illness) Co-founded CMHA in 1918. -Vocational Guidance Movement () + Frank Parsons (Choosing a vocation was matter of knowledge of work, knowledge of self, and matching two together through reasoning) 1910s to 1940s. -Smith-Hughes Act of 1917: $$$ for vocational guidance and education. 1920s: Edward Thorndike challenged vocational orientation of counselling, argued for the broadening of counselling. -Psychometrics were embraced, which helped the discipline be respected in scientific community but neglected sociology, biology, anthropology. -1931: First mention of "counselling" in literature.E.G. Williamson in 1930s: -First counselling theory, which emphasized direct, counsellor-centered approach and the counsellor's teaching, mentoring, and influencing skills. Premise: Individuals had traits that could be integrated in variety of ways to form factors (constellations of individual characteristics). Counsellor must ascertain a deficiency in the client and then prescribe a procedure to rectify the problem. -Late 1930s: WWII created role for psychologists and counsellors in both US and Canada: test construction, administration, scoring for selecting and classifying military personnel. -1939: CPA formed by E.A. Bott, George Humphrey, Roy Liddy. -1942: Carl Rogers published Counselling and Psychotherapy, which challenged the counsellor-centered approach of Williamson as well as major tenets of Freudian psychoanalysis. He also emphasized the importance of the client and gave them responses 11. Identify and briefly discuss at least five important factors that have influenced the development of counselling in Canada since 1960. - ANSWER 1) Community mental health movement, which helped bring counselling out of education and into mainstream 2) Shift in focus from remediation to prevention and emphasis on positive psychology: growth and development of persons 3)Recognition and standardization of the counselling discipline 4)Development of and focus on helping skills (relationship, comms) as key to discipline 5)Attention on gender, sexuality, race, ethnicity and what it's like to live in a pluralistic society 12. Describe the similarities and differences between the history of counselling in the United States and the counselling movement in Canada. - ANSWER Similarities: WWII: Counsellors and psychologists asked to create, administer, and score tests in an effort to select, classify military personnel. Differences: Counselling grew out of psychology in the U.S. and educational/vocational guidance in Canada. 13. What are Similarities & Differences between Counselling and Psychotherapy - ANSWER the line is blurred, psychotherapy - large focus on past, looks at insight more than change Counselling - development of issues, overcoming problems/inner issues, & coping with crisis/stress/ problems 14. Which decades were most influential to counselling? why? what events happened? - ANSWER when counselling became a real profession, regulatory bodies were formed and the profession started to become standardized However, there's important aspects in each because without each aspect it would not be where it is today. 2000-present has a bigger boom and acceptance in using counselling (in North America at least) allow for more research and requires a larger need for counsellors and therapists.