Ultimate D278 Scripting and Programming Foundations (WGU)
| Complete Exam Definitions, Flowcharts & Coral Language|
Rationales Graded A+ Latest Updated 2026
program
consists of instructions executing one at a time, list of statements
input
a program gets data, perhaps from a file, keyboard, touchscreen, network, etc.
process
a program performs computations on that data, such as adding two values like x+y.
output
a program puts that data somewhere, such as to a file, screen, network, etc.
computational thinking
creating a sequence of instructions to solve a problem
algorithm
a sequence of instructions that solves a problem, generating correct output for any valid input
values.
flowchart
is a graphical language for creating or viewing computer programs.
Coral Language
intended for learning to program
statement
carrying out some action and executing one at a time
Coral flowchart
each statement is a graphical node, with different shapes for different types of statements
interpreter
runs a programs statements, run an exectue are words for carrying out a programs statements
,coral flowchart begins
at the start node, which may have the label "start" and which is an oval node with an exiting
arrow
variable
a name that can hold a value
interpreter
a tool that runs a programs statements
run
the act of carrying out each statements action
variable
a name that can hold a value
input statement
written as variable=get next input
a parallelogram
output statement
parallelogram represents this
put item to output
string literal
consists of text character within double quotes
character
includes any letter (a-z), digit (0-9) or symbol (~, !, @, etc.)
cursor
indicates where the next output item will be placed in the output. Automatically moves after
the previously-output item.
newline
a special two-character sequence \n whose appearnce is an output string literal causes the
cursor to move the next output line. Exists invisibly in the output.
outputting a variables value
, is achieved put x to output no quotes surround variable x's name.
comment
a text a programmer adds to a program to be read by humans to better understand the code
but ignored by the program when executing. Starts with // in coral
whitespace
refers to blank spaces (space and tab characters) between items within a statement and to
newlines.
Moore's Law
the observation that computing power roughly doubles every two years. Trend of switch sizes
halving about every two years
industrial age
started in late 1700s and transformed civilization towards manufacturing goods, leading to mass
migration to cities, creation of strong nations, world wars, doubling of lifespans and thus
dramatic world population growth.
information age
began in the 1990s with human activity shifting from traditional industry to
creating/managing/using computerized information.
embedded computer
a computer inside another electrical device, like inside a tv, car, printer, thermostat, satellite,
etc.
bit
on is called 1 and off is a 0. 1011 is four bites
character
is a letter(a, b,z, A,B, Z) symbol(!,@,#) or a single digit number. Each item on the keyboard. ASCII
is popular and a unique bit code.
ASCII
american standard code for information interchange and was developed in 1963. Uses 7 bites
per code and has codes for 128 characters.
Unicode
| Complete Exam Definitions, Flowcharts & Coral Language|
Rationales Graded A+ Latest Updated 2026
program
consists of instructions executing one at a time, list of statements
input
a program gets data, perhaps from a file, keyboard, touchscreen, network, etc.
process
a program performs computations on that data, such as adding two values like x+y.
output
a program puts that data somewhere, such as to a file, screen, network, etc.
computational thinking
creating a sequence of instructions to solve a problem
algorithm
a sequence of instructions that solves a problem, generating correct output for any valid input
values.
flowchart
is a graphical language for creating or viewing computer programs.
Coral Language
intended for learning to program
statement
carrying out some action and executing one at a time
Coral flowchart
each statement is a graphical node, with different shapes for different types of statements
interpreter
runs a programs statements, run an exectue are words for carrying out a programs statements
,coral flowchart begins
at the start node, which may have the label "start" and which is an oval node with an exiting
arrow
variable
a name that can hold a value
interpreter
a tool that runs a programs statements
run
the act of carrying out each statements action
variable
a name that can hold a value
input statement
written as variable=get next input
a parallelogram
output statement
parallelogram represents this
put item to output
string literal
consists of text character within double quotes
character
includes any letter (a-z), digit (0-9) or symbol (~, !, @, etc.)
cursor
indicates where the next output item will be placed in the output. Automatically moves after
the previously-output item.
newline
a special two-character sequence \n whose appearnce is an output string literal causes the
cursor to move the next output line. Exists invisibly in the output.
outputting a variables value
, is achieved put x to output no quotes surround variable x's name.
comment
a text a programmer adds to a program to be read by humans to better understand the code
but ignored by the program when executing. Starts with // in coral
whitespace
refers to blank spaces (space and tab characters) between items within a statement and to
newlines.
Moore's Law
the observation that computing power roughly doubles every two years. Trend of switch sizes
halving about every two years
industrial age
started in late 1700s and transformed civilization towards manufacturing goods, leading to mass
migration to cities, creation of strong nations, world wars, doubling of lifespans and thus
dramatic world population growth.
information age
began in the 1990s with human activity shifting from traditional industry to
creating/managing/using computerized information.
embedded computer
a computer inside another electrical device, like inside a tv, car, printer, thermostat, satellite,
etc.
bit
on is called 1 and off is a 0. 1011 is four bites
character
is a letter(a, b,z, A,B, Z) symbol(!,@,#) or a single digit number. Each item on the keyboard. ASCII
is popular and a unique bit code.
ASCII
american standard code for information interchange and was developed in 1963. Uses 7 bites
per code and has codes for 128 characters.
Unicode
