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1. A 56-year-old patient comes in for a routine well visit.
He has a history of a previous stroke and Type 2 Diabetes.
Which of the following orders would be appropriate for a
patient with a previous stroke?
A. Initiate statin therapy
B. EEG
C. Warfarin therapy with an INR goal of 2-3
D. MRI - Answer-A.
Patients with a history of an ASCVD should be started on
statin therapy regardless of current LDL. The question did
not mention any other symptoms that would warrant
additional diagnostics. Warfarin therapy is only indicated if
AFIB would be the primary indication for anticoagulation
after a stroke.
2. A 36-year-old female is being seen in your clinic for left
sided facial weakness. In your review of systems, the
patient reports that "certain sounds really bother me and
my taste buds seem off". She also reports temporal pain
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which has subsided. Your physical exam reveals no other
neurological deficits. Which of the following interventions
would be most appropriate?
A. Call 911 to activate emergency stroke protocols
B. Refer the patient to neurology
C. Order an MRI
D. Prescribe a course of oral corticosteroids - Answer-D.
Bell's Palsy commonly causes alterations in taste and
hyperacusis. This contrasts with stroke. Corticosteroids
increase the chances of recovery complete by 12-15% at
nine to twelve months and are routinely prescribed. The
complaint of pain also suggests a possible viral infection
such as herpes simplex or varicella which has been
implicated, in some cases, as a trigger for facial palsy.
3. A 9-year-old female patient presents to your clinic with
complaints of a headache. The patients mother states the
headache started two days ago and she has been giving
her children's Tylenol. The child states the pain is bilateral
and worsens when running or standing. The nurse
practitioner should:
A. Treat her for migraine prevention and start topiramate
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B. Order a CT of her head
C. Educate the parent that children need at least 9 hours
of sleep
D. Refer to a psychologist for cognitive behavioral therapy
- Answer-B.
Table 25-8 lists red flags for pediatric headaches.
Headaches that worsen with postural changes may
indicate additional intracranial pathology and should be
further investigated. Depending on the urgency an MRI vs.
CT should be considered. A, C, & D are preventative
measures for established migraines or TTH.
4. You are educating the parents of a 16-year-old boy who
has been newly diagnosed with epileptic syndrome. Which
statement is false?
A. Most states will grant a driver's license if the patient has
been deemed seizure free for 6-12 months by his
physician.
B. Clinical seizures that last 15 minutes are considered
medical emergencies
C. Physical training such as weight training should be
restricted due to safety concerns.
D. Depression is a common comorbidity of epilepsy. -
Answer-C.
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Physical activity that promote age appropriate socialization
and normalcy are highly recommended. The only activities
that come with restrictions are scuba diving, contact sports
(may or may not be allowed depending on the physician),
and free climbing. Swimming is allowed, but preferably
under supervision.
5. A 25-year-old male presents to the clinic complaining of
a severe, throbbing headache for the past 2 days. The
pain increases when exposed to bright lights and is
accompanied by nausea. He states the headache started
after working a 16-hour shift without resting. What type of
headache is the patient suffering from and what
medication is appropriate for immediate relief?
A. Migraine headache - Zolmitriptan 5mg PO one dose
now, repeat after 2 hours if no relief
B. Migraine headache - Topiramate 50mg BID
C. Tension - Type Headache - Zolmitriptan 5mg PO one
dose now, repeat after 2 hours if no relief
D. Cluster headache - Sumatriptan 6mg SQ single dose -
Answer-A.
Migraine headaches can be unilateral and are often
accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and photophobia.