CRITICAL THINKING: REASON AND EVIDENCE
D265 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS
Which sentence is a non-proposition?
- If the burglar did not go out the front door, they must have gone out a window.
- The earth is the third planet from the sun.
- Where are the keys to my car?
- Mount Everest is the tallest mountain in the world.
Where are the keys to my car?
Did the company really close that deal? It has had a great year. Where is the president
right now? Let's go ask whether the deal was closed.
In the above paragraph, which sentence expresses a proposition?
- Where is the president right now?
- Did the company really close that deal?
- Let's go ask whether the deal was closed.
- It has had a great year.
It has had a great year.
Propositions
Statements that can be true or false.
Non-propositions
Sentences that are not statements about matters of fact (or fiction). They do not make a claim that
can be true or false.
Which sentence expresses a complex proposition?
- Birthday parties can be really fun.
- The cat ate the food, but did not like it.
- Too many employees are used to high-stress work environments in the United States.
- Why did the monkey escape, and who is responsible?
The cat ate the food, but did not like it.
If the computer is not fixed, then the company either needs to buy a new one or will not be
able to keep up productivity.
Which of the following breaks down the complex proposition above into the simple
,propositions?
- If the computer is not fixed, then the company needs to buy a new one. The company will
not be able to keep up productivity.
- The computer is not fixed. The company needs to buy a new computer. The company will
not be able to keep up productivity.
- The computer is not fixed. The company either needs to buy a new one or will not be able
to keep up productivity.
- The company does not have enough computers.
The computer is not fixed. The company needs to buy a new computer. The company will not be
able to keep up productivity.
Simple propositions
Simple propositions have no internal logical structure, meaning whether they are true or false
does not depend on whether part of them is true or false. They are simply true or false on their
own.
Complex propositions
Complex propositions have internal logical structure, meaning they are composed of simple
propositions. Whether they are true or false depends on whether their parts are true or false.
If the new employee wants to succeed, then they need to show up on time. How many times
have we heard the manager complain about tardiness? Nobody likes a 7 a.m. start time, but
it was in the job description. We should remind the new employee how important this is.
Which is a simple proposition that is expressed in the above paragraph?
- The new employee wants to succeed.
- How many times have we heard the manager complain about tardiness?
- The employees look out for each other.
- If the new employee wants to succeed, then they need to show up on time.
The new employee wants to succeed.
The U.S. healthcare system is difficult to navigate, and this negatively affects many of us.
Many people are unsure exactly how their health insurance coverage works and are not
sure where they can go to get care. What can be done to improve this? If changes are not
made soon, the problem will only get worse.
Which is a simple proposition that is expressed in the above paragraph?
- Many people are not sure where they can go to get care.
- The U.S. healthcare system is difficult to navigate, and this negatively affects many of us.
- What can be done to improve this?
- Many people are unsure exactly how their health insurance coverage works and are not
sure where they can go to get care.
, Many people are not sure where they can go to get care.
Bad inferential structure
Every argument with the same structure as this argument is bad (invalid or weak). The premises
do not, in fact, demonstrate or maybe even support the conclusion. In other words, we can accept
the premises as true without being compelled to accept the conclusion. There is something wrong
with this argument's general structure.
False premise
This particular argument has a premise/assumption that is false. There is something wrong with
this argument's particular content.
Conclusion Indicators
Therefore, so, it follows that, hence, thus, entails that, we may conclude that, implies that,
wherefore, as a result
Premise Indicators
Because, for, given that, in that, as, since, as indicated by
"Since we cannot go out until the restaurant opens, and given that we are trying to save
money, we should just hang out here until closer to dinner."
Which statements are the premises of the following argument? Choose 2 answers.
- We cannot go out until the restaurant opens.
- We are trying to save money.
- We should just hang out here until closer to dinner.
- We can have a good time without spending money.
- We cannot go out until the restaurant opens.
- We are trying to save money.
Most students in the class scored less than 70% on the exam. This means that the exam was
too difficult to accurately assess student learning. Therefore, as exams are supposed to
accurately assess student learning, the exam must be revised and readministered.
Which statement is the conclusion of the above argument?
- The exam must be revised and readministered.
- Some students in the class scored higher than 70% on the exam.
- Exams are supposed to accurately assess student learning.
- Most students in the class scored less than 70% on the exam.
The exam must be revised and readministered.
D265 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS
Which sentence is a non-proposition?
- If the burglar did not go out the front door, they must have gone out a window.
- The earth is the third planet from the sun.
- Where are the keys to my car?
- Mount Everest is the tallest mountain in the world.
Where are the keys to my car?
Did the company really close that deal? It has had a great year. Where is the president
right now? Let's go ask whether the deal was closed.
In the above paragraph, which sentence expresses a proposition?
- Where is the president right now?
- Did the company really close that deal?
- Let's go ask whether the deal was closed.
- It has had a great year.
It has had a great year.
Propositions
Statements that can be true or false.
Non-propositions
Sentences that are not statements about matters of fact (or fiction). They do not make a claim that
can be true or false.
Which sentence expresses a complex proposition?
- Birthday parties can be really fun.
- The cat ate the food, but did not like it.
- Too many employees are used to high-stress work environments in the United States.
- Why did the monkey escape, and who is responsible?
The cat ate the food, but did not like it.
If the computer is not fixed, then the company either needs to buy a new one or will not be
able to keep up productivity.
Which of the following breaks down the complex proposition above into the simple
,propositions?
- If the computer is not fixed, then the company needs to buy a new one. The company will
not be able to keep up productivity.
- The computer is not fixed. The company needs to buy a new computer. The company will
not be able to keep up productivity.
- The computer is not fixed. The company either needs to buy a new one or will not be able
to keep up productivity.
- The company does not have enough computers.
The computer is not fixed. The company needs to buy a new computer. The company will not be
able to keep up productivity.
Simple propositions
Simple propositions have no internal logical structure, meaning whether they are true or false
does not depend on whether part of them is true or false. They are simply true or false on their
own.
Complex propositions
Complex propositions have internal logical structure, meaning they are composed of simple
propositions. Whether they are true or false depends on whether their parts are true or false.
If the new employee wants to succeed, then they need to show up on time. How many times
have we heard the manager complain about tardiness? Nobody likes a 7 a.m. start time, but
it was in the job description. We should remind the new employee how important this is.
Which is a simple proposition that is expressed in the above paragraph?
- The new employee wants to succeed.
- How many times have we heard the manager complain about tardiness?
- The employees look out for each other.
- If the new employee wants to succeed, then they need to show up on time.
The new employee wants to succeed.
The U.S. healthcare system is difficult to navigate, and this negatively affects many of us.
Many people are unsure exactly how their health insurance coverage works and are not
sure where they can go to get care. What can be done to improve this? If changes are not
made soon, the problem will only get worse.
Which is a simple proposition that is expressed in the above paragraph?
- Many people are not sure where they can go to get care.
- The U.S. healthcare system is difficult to navigate, and this negatively affects many of us.
- What can be done to improve this?
- Many people are unsure exactly how their health insurance coverage works and are not
sure where they can go to get care.
, Many people are not sure where they can go to get care.
Bad inferential structure
Every argument with the same structure as this argument is bad (invalid or weak). The premises
do not, in fact, demonstrate or maybe even support the conclusion. In other words, we can accept
the premises as true without being compelled to accept the conclusion. There is something wrong
with this argument's general structure.
False premise
This particular argument has a premise/assumption that is false. There is something wrong with
this argument's particular content.
Conclusion Indicators
Therefore, so, it follows that, hence, thus, entails that, we may conclude that, implies that,
wherefore, as a result
Premise Indicators
Because, for, given that, in that, as, since, as indicated by
"Since we cannot go out until the restaurant opens, and given that we are trying to save
money, we should just hang out here until closer to dinner."
Which statements are the premises of the following argument? Choose 2 answers.
- We cannot go out until the restaurant opens.
- We are trying to save money.
- We should just hang out here until closer to dinner.
- We can have a good time without spending money.
- We cannot go out until the restaurant opens.
- We are trying to save money.
Most students in the class scored less than 70% on the exam. This means that the exam was
too difficult to accurately assess student learning. Therefore, as exams are supposed to
accurately assess student learning, the exam must be revised and readministered.
Which statement is the conclusion of the above argument?
- The exam must be revised and readministered.
- Some students in the class scored higher than 70% on the exam.
- Exams are supposed to accurately assess student learning.
- Most students in the class scored less than 70% on the exam.
The exam must be revised and readministered.
