BIO 245 Exam 1 questions and answers 2026\2027
A+ Grade
Why should we care about microorganisms?
- correct answer -disease
-microorganisms are "everywhere you want to be"
-many are beneficial and useful
-basic scientific research
Zoonotic Transmission
- correct answer Infections that are transmissible from animals to humans
Black plague took out how many people in Europe?
- correct answer Just over a third - 200 Million
How have top causes of death changed from 1900 to today?
- correct answer Infectious diseases have dropped as a cause of death dramatically
-Used to be between 150 and 200 thousand deaths attributed to influenza/pneumonia, tuberculosis,
and gastroenteritis, now infectious diseases attributed to less then 20,000 per disease
How do we account for the huge drop in death due to infectious disease in the U.S. since 1900?
- correct answer -Proper food and water handling
-Vaccines
-Antibiotics
-Sterile medical techniques
What was the biggest spike in death rates over 1900-1996 attributed to?
- correct answer Influenza Pandemic (February 1918)
,How many of the 57 million annual deaths worldwide are caused by infection disease?
- correct answer Nearly 15 million (>25%)
What are the top five most prevalent infectious diseases?
- correct answer -Diarrheal Disease (cholera, typhoid)
-Malaria
-AIDS
-Tuberculosis
-Respiratory Diseases (pneumonia/influenza)
What is the #1 cause for childhood disease mortality?
- correct answer Diarrheal
Considering Global mortality by economy since 2000, what disease far exceeds others in high income
economies?
- correct answer Respiratory Disease
What two diseases are higher in low-income economies then others?
- correct answer HIV and Tuberculosis
What has happened to global mortality rates in low-income economies since 2000?
- correct answer A steep drop (close to 60,000 at least)
A typical gram of soil has how many bacteria?
- correct answer 10^9 (1 Billion)
Microorganisms cannot survive in?
- correct answer -Space
-The core of the Earth
-Certain parts of our bodies
, Microorganisms are where?
- correct answer Nearly everywhere
Much of laboratory technique goes to doing what with Microorganisms?
- correct answer Excluding them (narrowing them down)
Microorganisms are highly evolved to fill highly specialized __________
- correct answer niches
How are microorganisms important to the environment?
- correct answer Basis of many food chains (especially aquatic), nutrient cycling, agriculture, even sole
energy source for some systems
Human body has more _____________ cells than human cells
- correct answer bacterial
How many bacterial cells/gram are in the large intestine?
- correct answer 10^12 - 10^13 (1-10 trillion)
Where in the human body are bacterial cells found?
- correct answer -Skin
-Mouth
-GI tract
-Respiratory tract
-Urogenital tract
Many microorganisms discourage colonization by pathogens and even _______________ with them
- correct answer compete
Hyperthormophilic
- correct answer Very hot loving
A+ Grade
Why should we care about microorganisms?
- correct answer -disease
-microorganisms are "everywhere you want to be"
-many are beneficial and useful
-basic scientific research
Zoonotic Transmission
- correct answer Infections that are transmissible from animals to humans
Black plague took out how many people in Europe?
- correct answer Just over a third - 200 Million
How have top causes of death changed from 1900 to today?
- correct answer Infectious diseases have dropped as a cause of death dramatically
-Used to be between 150 and 200 thousand deaths attributed to influenza/pneumonia, tuberculosis,
and gastroenteritis, now infectious diseases attributed to less then 20,000 per disease
How do we account for the huge drop in death due to infectious disease in the U.S. since 1900?
- correct answer -Proper food and water handling
-Vaccines
-Antibiotics
-Sterile medical techniques
What was the biggest spike in death rates over 1900-1996 attributed to?
- correct answer Influenza Pandemic (February 1918)
,How many of the 57 million annual deaths worldwide are caused by infection disease?
- correct answer Nearly 15 million (>25%)
What are the top five most prevalent infectious diseases?
- correct answer -Diarrheal Disease (cholera, typhoid)
-Malaria
-AIDS
-Tuberculosis
-Respiratory Diseases (pneumonia/influenza)
What is the #1 cause for childhood disease mortality?
- correct answer Diarrheal
Considering Global mortality by economy since 2000, what disease far exceeds others in high income
economies?
- correct answer Respiratory Disease
What two diseases are higher in low-income economies then others?
- correct answer HIV and Tuberculosis
What has happened to global mortality rates in low-income economies since 2000?
- correct answer A steep drop (close to 60,000 at least)
A typical gram of soil has how many bacteria?
- correct answer 10^9 (1 Billion)
Microorganisms cannot survive in?
- correct answer -Space
-The core of the Earth
-Certain parts of our bodies
, Microorganisms are where?
- correct answer Nearly everywhere
Much of laboratory technique goes to doing what with Microorganisms?
- correct answer Excluding them (narrowing them down)
Microorganisms are highly evolved to fill highly specialized __________
- correct answer niches
How are microorganisms important to the environment?
- correct answer Basis of many food chains (especially aquatic), nutrient cycling, agriculture, even sole
energy source for some systems
Human body has more _____________ cells than human cells
- correct answer bacterial
How many bacterial cells/gram are in the large intestine?
- correct answer 10^12 - 10^13 (1-10 trillion)
Where in the human body are bacterial cells found?
- correct answer -Skin
-Mouth
-GI tract
-Respiratory tract
-Urogenital tract
Many microorganisms discourage colonization by pathogens and even _______________ with them
- correct answer compete
Hyperthormophilic
- correct answer Very hot loving
