NURS 2850 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
Clinical manifestations of lung cancer - ANSWER The major presenting complaints of
lung cancer include cough, hemoptysis (blood in sputum), wheeze, stridor, chest pain,
and dyspnea; Patients may also complain of weight loss, excessive fatigue, and
weakness. Hoarseness may be a sign if the tumor compresses the recurrent laryngeal
nerve.
Small cell lung cancer and incorrect pneumonia diagnosis - ANSWER Tumor may cause
obstructive accumulation of secretions, productive cough, which leads to incorrect
diagnosis of pneumonia. Lung cancer may be incidental finding on routine chest x-ray.
Paraneoplastic syndrome symptoms may lead to diagnosis. 'Pneumonia' treatment not
working, take biopsy, reevaluate. Patients can present without symptoms.
Paraneoplastic syndrome clinical manifestations - ANSWER unexpected physiological
changes found within the body; ex: ACTH-like hormone, resembles MSH
(melanocyte-stimulating hormone), patient has tanned appearance
Clinical manifestations of lymphoma (first sign) - ANSWER The first sign of lymphoma is
often a painless, enlarged lymph node in the neck, under an arm, or in the groin.
What signs/symptoms may occur if an enlarged lymph node is pressing against a vein or
lymphatic vessel? - ANSWER The enlarged lymph node sometimes causes other
symptoms by pressing against a vein or lymphatic vessel (swelling of an arm or leg).
Describe the signs/symptoms that indicate an enlarged lymph node is pressing against a
nerve? - ANSWER Pain, numbness, tingling
Indicate signs/symptoms that indicate an enlarged lymph node is pressing against the
stomach - ANSWER early feeling of fullness
, Clinical manifestations of lymphoma - ANSWER painless and enlarged lymph node,
splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, abdominal pain/discomfort, nausea, vomiting, fever,
chills, unexplained weight loss, headache, seizure, vision impairment, facial numbness,
weakness, behavioral changes
Etiology of NHL - ANSWER Chromosomal translocations are the genetic hallmark of
lymphomas. A common translocation in NHL is the translocation of genes at 14q32 and
18q21, present in 85% of follicular lymphomas
Etiology of HL - ANSWER The cause of HL is unknown, but EBV has been found in
malignant B lymphocytes. Also, persons who are immunosuppressed have a higher risk
of HL. Exposure to carcinogens, viruses, and genetic and immune mechanisms have
been proposed as etiologies, but none have been proven
Stage 1-2 of renal failure - ANSWER The patient is usually asymptomatic, and blood and
urine tests may appear normal because the functioning nephrons compensate for the
damaged nephrons. Hyperfiltration and hypertrophy of the functioning nephrons
maintain normal kidney function
Stage 3 of renal failure - ANSWER there is diminished renal function, and symptoms
start to become apparent because less than 50% of nephrons are functioning. In this
stage, there is moderate reduction in GFR, serum creatinine and BUN begin to rise, and
creatinine clearance starts to decrease.
Stage 4 of renal failure - ANSWER a state of renal insufficiency becomes apparent.
Nephrons start to become overwhelmed, and GFR is lower than 20% of normal. The
kidney's health is precarious in this stage
Stage 5 of renal failure - ANSWER renal failure develops and GFR falls to less than 5% of
normal. At this stage, nephrons cannot accomplish complete filtration of the
bloodstream. The kidney's varied functions, such as erythropoietin synthesis, blood
pressure maintenance, and acid-base balance, are lost
Clinical manifestations of renal failure - ANSWER accumulation of nitrogenous wastes
causes systemwide symptoms; symptoms of encephalopathy caused by CRF (the brain
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
Clinical manifestations of lung cancer - ANSWER The major presenting complaints of
lung cancer include cough, hemoptysis (blood in sputum), wheeze, stridor, chest pain,
and dyspnea; Patients may also complain of weight loss, excessive fatigue, and
weakness. Hoarseness may be a sign if the tumor compresses the recurrent laryngeal
nerve.
Small cell lung cancer and incorrect pneumonia diagnosis - ANSWER Tumor may cause
obstructive accumulation of secretions, productive cough, which leads to incorrect
diagnosis of pneumonia. Lung cancer may be incidental finding on routine chest x-ray.
Paraneoplastic syndrome symptoms may lead to diagnosis. 'Pneumonia' treatment not
working, take biopsy, reevaluate. Patients can present without symptoms.
Paraneoplastic syndrome clinical manifestations - ANSWER unexpected physiological
changes found within the body; ex: ACTH-like hormone, resembles MSH
(melanocyte-stimulating hormone), patient has tanned appearance
Clinical manifestations of lymphoma (first sign) - ANSWER The first sign of lymphoma is
often a painless, enlarged lymph node in the neck, under an arm, or in the groin.
What signs/symptoms may occur if an enlarged lymph node is pressing against a vein or
lymphatic vessel? - ANSWER The enlarged lymph node sometimes causes other
symptoms by pressing against a vein or lymphatic vessel (swelling of an arm or leg).
Describe the signs/symptoms that indicate an enlarged lymph node is pressing against a
nerve? - ANSWER Pain, numbness, tingling
Indicate signs/symptoms that indicate an enlarged lymph node is pressing against the
stomach - ANSWER early feeling of fullness
, Clinical manifestations of lymphoma - ANSWER painless and enlarged lymph node,
splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, abdominal pain/discomfort, nausea, vomiting, fever,
chills, unexplained weight loss, headache, seizure, vision impairment, facial numbness,
weakness, behavioral changes
Etiology of NHL - ANSWER Chromosomal translocations are the genetic hallmark of
lymphomas. A common translocation in NHL is the translocation of genes at 14q32 and
18q21, present in 85% of follicular lymphomas
Etiology of HL - ANSWER The cause of HL is unknown, but EBV has been found in
malignant B lymphocytes. Also, persons who are immunosuppressed have a higher risk
of HL. Exposure to carcinogens, viruses, and genetic and immune mechanisms have
been proposed as etiologies, but none have been proven
Stage 1-2 of renal failure - ANSWER The patient is usually asymptomatic, and blood and
urine tests may appear normal because the functioning nephrons compensate for the
damaged nephrons. Hyperfiltration and hypertrophy of the functioning nephrons
maintain normal kidney function
Stage 3 of renal failure - ANSWER there is diminished renal function, and symptoms
start to become apparent because less than 50% of nephrons are functioning. In this
stage, there is moderate reduction in GFR, serum creatinine and BUN begin to rise, and
creatinine clearance starts to decrease.
Stage 4 of renal failure - ANSWER a state of renal insufficiency becomes apparent.
Nephrons start to become overwhelmed, and GFR is lower than 20% of normal. The
kidney's health is precarious in this stage
Stage 5 of renal failure - ANSWER renal failure develops and GFR falls to less than 5% of
normal. At this stage, nephrons cannot accomplish complete filtration of the
bloodstream. The kidney's varied functions, such as erythropoietin synthesis, blood
pressure maintenance, and acid-base balance, are lost
Clinical manifestations of renal failure - ANSWER accumulation of nitrogenous wastes
causes systemwide symptoms; symptoms of encephalopathy caused by CRF (the brain
