Shoulder Joint Complete Guide
1. Anatomy of Shoulder Joint
Bones:
- Clavicle: Connects sternum to scapula; S-shaped
- Scapula: Spine, acromion, coracoid process; glenoid cavity articulates with humerus
- Humerus: Head articulates with glenoid; greater & lesser tubercles
Ligaments & Capsule:
- Glenohumeral ligaments (superior, middle, inferior)
- Coracohumeral ligament
- Joint capsule (loose to allow wide ROM)
- Coracoacromial ligament (forms arch)
Bursae:
- Subacromial
- Subdeltoid
Rotator Cuff Muscles:
- Supraspinatus: Abduction, Suprascapular nerve
- Infraspinatus: External rotation, Suprascapular nerve
- Teres Minor: External rotation, Axillary nerve
- Subscapularis: Internal rotation, Upper & lower subscapular nerves
2. Movements & Biomechanics
Movements:
- Flexion: Anterior deltoid, coracobrachialis
- Extension: Posterior deltoid, latissimus dorsi
- Abduction: Supraspinatus, middle deltoid
- Adduction: Pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi
- Internal rotation: Subscapularis, pectoralis major
- External rotation: Infraspinatus, teres minor
- Circumduction: Combination of above movements
3. Common Shoulder Injuries & Disorders
- Rotator cuff tear: Pain, weakness; management - strengthening & post-op rehab
- Frozen shoulder: Painful stiffness; passive mobilization & stretching
- Dislocation: Pain, deformity; reduction & gradual strengthening
- Impingement syndrome: Pain on abduction; posture correction, stretching & strengthening
- Bursitis: Localized pain; ice, mobilization, exercises
4. Physiotherapy & Rehabilitation Protocol
Post-op Shoulder Rehab Example: Rotator Cuff Repair
1. Anatomy of Shoulder Joint
Bones:
- Clavicle: Connects sternum to scapula; S-shaped
- Scapula: Spine, acromion, coracoid process; glenoid cavity articulates with humerus
- Humerus: Head articulates with glenoid; greater & lesser tubercles
Ligaments & Capsule:
- Glenohumeral ligaments (superior, middle, inferior)
- Coracohumeral ligament
- Joint capsule (loose to allow wide ROM)
- Coracoacromial ligament (forms arch)
Bursae:
- Subacromial
- Subdeltoid
Rotator Cuff Muscles:
- Supraspinatus: Abduction, Suprascapular nerve
- Infraspinatus: External rotation, Suprascapular nerve
- Teres Minor: External rotation, Axillary nerve
- Subscapularis: Internal rotation, Upper & lower subscapular nerves
2. Movements & Biomechanics
Movements:
- Flexion: Anterior deltoid, coracobrachialis
- Extension: Posterior deltoid, latissimus dorsi
- Abduction: Supraspinatus, middle deltoid
- Adduction: Pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi
- Internal rotation: Subscapularis, pectoralis major
- External rotation: Infraspinatus, teres minor
- Circumduction: Combination of above movements
3. Common Shoulder Injuries & Disorders
- Rotator cuff tear: Pain, weakness; management - strengthening & post-op rehab
- Frozen shoulder: Painful stiffness; passive mobilization & stretching
- Dislocation: Pain, deformity; reduction & gradual strengthening
- Impingement syndrome: Pain on abduction; posture correction, stretching & strengthening
- Bursitis: Localized pain; ice, mobilization, exercises
4. Physiotherapy & Rehabilitation Protocol
Post-op Shoulder Rehab Example: Rotator Cuff Repair
