What is anatomy defined as? the study of structure of the body
what is physiology defined as? the study of the function of the body
what are the 3 main body planes? frontal, median, and transverse
maintain boundaries, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, dispose of
what are the 8 necessary life functions? wastes, reproduction, & growth
chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, & organismal
what are the levels of structural
organization from simplest to most
complex?
describe the anatomical position body erect, facing forward, feet slightly apart, arms at sides with palms forward
integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic,
what are the 11 organ systems of the
body? respiratory, digestive, reproductive, and immune system
what does negative feedback do? reduces or shuts off original stimulus
what does positive feedback do? enhances or exaggerates original stimuli
a disturbance that causes change in the internal state of the organism
what is homeostatic imbalance? such as: disease, aging, and malnutrition
the receptor sends information to the control center and sends the appropriate
how does a receptor react to a stimuli? response to the effector which then provides the means to a response
nutrients, oxygen, water, normal body temperature, and appropriate atmospheric
pressure
what are the 5 survival needs? (all in appropriate amounts)
a thin, double layered membrane. These membranes are separated by slit like
what is a serous membrane (serosa)? cavities filled with serous fluid
how many different abdominopelvic 9
regions are there?
what is excretion? the ability to remove useless substances from the body
example of excretion? the digestive system getting rid of indigestible foods
what is responsiveness or excitability? the human anatomy responding towards the environment?
what is the human anatomy responding responsiveness or excitability
towards the environment?
the nervous system
what is the most responsive organ system
in the whole body?
(from top left to bottom right)
right hypochondriac region, epigastric region, left hypochondriac region, right
what are the 9 abdominopelvic regions? lumbar, umbilical, left lumber, right iliac, hypogastric, left iliac
what 4 quadrants can the 9 right upper, left upper, right lower, and left lower
abdominopelvic regions be divided into?
what are the 5 cavities? cranial cavity, vertebral cavity, thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, and pelvic cavity
what are the 4 planes that divide the body sagittal (median if its down the middle), frontal, transverse (horizontal), and elusive
oblique
and allow for easier inspection?
what is homeostatic imbalance? the disturbance of homeostasis beyond the norm
homeostatic imbalance
what is the disturbance of homeostasis
beyond the norm?
what can cause homeostatic imbalance? disease and aging
what is negative feedback? the response that opposes stimuli
what is positive feedback? the response that enables/furthers a stimuli
,what are the two categories energy is kinetic and potential
divided into?
what is kinetic energy? requires work in action
what is potential energy? stored energy
what are the 4 major elements of the carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen (CHON)
human body?
what are atoms made of? subatomic particles protons, neutrons, and electrons
what does the atomic number represent? # of protons
what does the mass # represent? # of neutrons and protons
chemical elements that have an unstable nucleus and can cause all damage in
what are radioisotopes? living tissue
radioisotopes
what are chemical elements that have an
unstable nucleus & can cause all damage
in living tissue?
what are the two types of chemical exergonic & endergonic
reactions?
what is exergonic? leads to release of energy
what is endergonic? absorbs energy
what are buffers? help stabilize pH levels
what is the name of the thing that helps to buffers
stabilize pH levels?
what are enzymes? proteins that speed up reactions by lowering activation energy
what are proteins that speed up reactions enzymes
by lowering activation energy?
how do enzymes speed up reactions? they lower activation energy
they help trigger the immune response, delay aging, and promote the breakdown of
what are molecular chaperones? damaged or denatured proteins
molecular chaperones
what helps trigger the immune response,
delays aging, and promotes the breakdown
of damaged or denatured proteins?
strand like, water insoluble and stable proteins which most likely have a tertiary or
what are fibrous proteins quaternary structure
fibrous proteins
what are strand like, water insoluble and
stable proteins that most likely have a
tertiary or quaternary structure
what are 4 words that describe globular compact, spherical, water soluble and sensitive
proteins
globular
compact, spherical, water soluble and
sensitive describe what type of protein?
monomers known as nucleotides which contain 3 components: 5 carbon sugars, a
what are nucleic acids made of? phosphate group, and a nitrogenous...something lol
what do nucleic acids contain? DNA & RNA
5 carbon sugars, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous whatever
what 3 components make up nucleotides?
, what is the most abundant and important water
inorganic compound in the body?
what percent of the body is water? 60-80%
what is an example of a protein donor? acids
what is an example of a protein acceptor? bases
how do buffers work? they resist abrupt and large changes in the pH by releasing acid or binding (base)
what are the three classes of monosaccharides (1 sugar), disaccharides (2 sugars), and polysaccharides (many
carbohydrates? sugars)
what are the four levels of protein primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary
structure?
what percent of the body does CHON 96.1%
make up?
what makes up 96.1% of the body? CHON (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen)
what is a mixture? can be separated by physical means
has chemical reactions between components and can be separated by breaking
what is a compound? bonds
how are compounds separated by breaking bonds
what are the 4 different types of bonds chemical, ionic, covalent, polar, and hydrogen
structural variations of atoms that have different numbers of neutrons with different
what are isotopes mass
isotopes
what are structural variations of atoms that
have different numbers of neutrons with
different mass?
what is a cell? the basic structural and functional unit of a living organism
what is the basic structural and functional a cell
unit of a living organism
what are the cells that store nutrients? fat cells
requires the cell to use energy in the form of ATP to move substances across the
what is active transport membrane
active transport
what kind of transport requires the use of
ATP?
hydrophobic
are the non polar tails of the phospholipid
bilayer hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
the tendency of molecules to move from an area of higher concentration to an area
what is diffusion of lower concentration along their concentration gradient
diffusion
what is the tendency of molecules to move
from an area of higher concentration to an
area of lower concentration along their
concentration gradient
the ability of a solution to change the shape or tone of cells by alteration the cells
what is tonicity? internal water/volume
tonicity
what is the ability of a solution to change
the shape or tone of cells by alteration the
cells internal water/volume
what are hypertonic solutions? have a higher concentration of solutes on the outside than inside of the cell
what is physiology defined as? the study of the function of the body
what are the 3 main body planes? frontal, median, and transverse
maintain boundaries, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, dispose of
what are the 8 necessary life functions? wastes, reproduction, & growth
chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, & organismal
what are the levels of structural
organization from simplest to most
complex?
describe the anatomical position body erect, facing forward, feet slightly apart, arms at sides with palms forward
integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic,
what are the 11 organ systems of the
body? respiratory, digestive, reproductive, and immune system
what does negative feedback do? reduces or shuts off original stimulus
what does positive feedback do? enhances or exaggerates original stimuli
a disturbance that causes change in the internal state of the organism
what is homeostatic imbalance? such as: disease, aging, and malnutrition
the receptor sends information to the control center and sends the appropriate
how does a receptor react to a stimuli? response to the effector which then provides the means to a response
nutrients, oxygen, water, normal body temperature, and appropriate atmospheric
pressure
what are the 5 survival needs? (all in appropriate amounts)
a thin, double layered membrane. These membranes are separated by slit like
what is a serous membrane (serosa)? cavities filled with serous fluid
how many different abdominopelvic 9
regions are there?
what is excretion? the ability to remove useless substances from the body
example of excretion? the digestive system getting rid of indigestible foods
what is responsiveness or excitability? the human anatomy responding towards the environment?
what is the human anatomy responding responsiveness or excitability
towards the environment?
the nervous system
what is the most responsive organ system
in the whole body?
(from top left to bottom right)
right hypochondriac region, epigastric region, left hypochondriac region, right
what are the 9 abdominopelvic regions? lumbar, umbilical, left lumber, right iliac, hypogastric, left iliac
what 4 quadrants can the 9 right upper, left upper, right lower, and left lower
abdominopelvic regions be divided into?
what are the 5 cavities? cranial cavity, vertebral cavity, thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, and pelvic cavity
what are the 4 planes that divide the body sagittal (median if its down the middle), frontal, transverse (horizontal), and elusive
oblique
and allow for easier inspection?
what is homeostatic imbalance? the disturbance of homeostasis beyond the norm
homeostatic imbalance
what is the disturbance of homeostasis
beyond the norm?
what can cause homeostatic imbalance? disease and aging
what is negative feedback? the response that opposes stimuli
what is positive feedback? the response that enables/furthers a stimuli
,what are the two categories energy is kinetic and potential
divided into?
what is kinetic energy? requires work in action
what is potential energy? stored energy
what are the 4 major elements of the carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen (CHON)
human body?
what are atoms made of? subatomic particles protons, neutrons, and electrons
what does the atomic number represent? # of protons
what does the mass # represent? # of neutrons and protons
chemical elements that have an unstable nucleus and can cause all damage in
what are radioisotopes? living tissue
radioisotopes
what are chemical elements that have an
unstable nucleus & can cause all damage
in living tissue?
what are the two types of chemical exergonic & endergonic
reactions?
what is exergonic? leads to release of energy
what is endergonic? absorbs energy
what are buffers? help stabilize pH levels
what is the name of the thing that helps to buffers
stabilize pH levels?
what are enzymes? proteins that speed up reactions by lowering activation energy
what are proteins that speed up reactions enzymes
by lowering activation energy?
how do enzymes speed up reactions? they lower activation energy
they help trigger the immune response, delay aging, and promote the breakdown of
what are molecular chaperones? damaged or denatured proteins
molecular chaperones
what helps trigger the immune response,
delays aging, and promotes the breakdown
of damaged or denatured proteins?
strand like, water insoluble and stable proteins which most likely have a tertiary or
what are fibrous proteins quaternary structure
fibrous proteins
what are strand like, water insoluble and
stable proteins that most likely have a
tertiary or quaternary structure
what are 4 words that describe globular compact, spherical, water soluble and sensitive
proteins
globular
compact, spherical, water soluble and
sensitive describe what type of protein?
monomers known as nucleotides which contain 3 components: 5 carbon sugars, a
what are nucleic acids made of? phosphate group, and a nitrogenous...something lol
what do nucleic acids contain? DNA & RNA
5 carbon sugars, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous whatever
what 3 components make up nucleotides?
, what is the most abundant and important water
inorganic compound in the body?
what percent of the body is water? 60-80%
what is an example of a protein donor? acids
what is an example of a protein acceptor? bases
how do buffers work? they resist abrupt and large changes in the pH by releasing acid or binding (base)
what are the three classes of monosaccharides (1 sugar), disaccharides (2 sugars), and polysaccharides (many
carbohydrates? sugars)
what are the four levels of protein primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary
structure?
what percent of the body does CHON 96.1%
make up?
what makes up 96.1% of the body? CHON (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen)
what is a mixture? can be separated by physical means
has chemical reactions between components and can be separated by breaking
what is a compound? bonds
how are compounds separated by breaking bonds
what are the 4 different types of bonds chemical, ionic, covalent, polar, and hydrogen
structural variations of atoms that have different numbers of neutrons with different
what are isotopes mass
isotopes
what are structural variations of atoms that
have different numbers of neutrons with
different mass?
what is a cell? the basic structural and functional unit of a living organism
what is the basic structural and functional a cell
unit of a living organism
what are the cells that store nutrients? fat cells
requires the cell to use energy in the form of ATP to move substances across the
what is active transport membrane
active transport
what kind of transport requires the use of
ATP?
hydrophobic
are the non polar tails of the phospholipid
bilayer hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
the tendency of molecules to move from an area of higher concentration to an area
what is diffusion of lower concentration along their concentration gradient
diffusion
what is the tendency of molecules to move
from an area of higher concentration to an
area of lower concentration along their
concentration gradient
the ability of a solution to change the shape or tone of cells by alteration the cells
what is tonicity? internal water/volume
tonicity
what is the ability of a solution to change
the shape or tone of cells by alteration the
cells internal water/volume
what are hypertonic solutions? have a higher concentration of solutes on the outside than inside of the cell
