lOMoARcPSD|46240884
Fluid electrolyte & acid base imbalance
Pathophysiology (Chamberlain University)
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, lOMoARcPSD|46240884
Adaptation- Cellular level- hypertrophy, -Fluid excess occurs in the extracellular
hyperplasia, metaplasia. Fluid and compartment and may be referred to as
Electrolyte impact on adaption involves isotonic/iso-osmolar, hypotonic/ hypo-
maintain acid-base balance (renal, vascular osmolar, or hypertonic/hyper-osmolar,
and respiratory systems) Pressure gradients depending on the cause.
are maintained through fluid shifts and
component shifts. Example- If a condition ELECTROLYTES
exists and the solution is concentrated, water
moves to dilute the solution, or components SODIUM (135-145)
move to change the concentration.
-Primary cation (positively charged ion) in
Fluid Compartments the extracellular fluid
- Fluid is distributed between the
intracellular compartments(ICF) -Sodium is important for the maintenance of
fluid inside the cells, extracellular extracellular fluid volume through its effect
compartments (ECF) on osmotic pressure because it makes up
Extracellular compartments : approximately 90% of the solute in
-Intravascular fluid (IVF) or blood extracellular fluid.
- interstitial fluid (ISF) or intracellular
fluid (ICF) HYPONATREMIA
- cerebrospinal fluid
sodium deficit can result from direct loss of
sodium from the body or from an excess of
Hydrostatic and Osmotic Pressure water in the extracellular compartment,
resulting in dilution of sodium.
In the capillaries, hydrostatic pressure
increases filtration by pushing fluid and CAUSES:
solute OUT of the capillaries, while oncotic
pressure ( also known as colloid osmotic - sodium deficit - excess water in the
pressure) pulls the fluid into the capillaries extra cellular compartment.
and/or prevents fluid from leaving.
- Common causes for low sodium
Movement of Water
- Excessive sweating, vomiting, and
-Fluid constantly circulates throughout the diarrhea
body and moves relatively freely, depending
on the permeability of the membranes - Use of certain diuretics drugs with
between compartments by the processes of low salt diets
filtration or osmosis.
- Hormonal imbalances (insufficient
-depending on the relatively hydrostatic and ADH secretion)
osmotic pressure within the compartments.
Proteins and electrolytes contribute to the - Early chronc renal failure
osmotic pressure of a fluid and therefore are
important in maintaining fluid volumes. - Excessive water intake
Downloaded by damaris mutuli ()
Fluid electrolyte & acid base imbalance
Pathophysiology (Chamberlain University)
Scan to open on Studocu
Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university
Downloaded by damaris mutuli ()
, lOMoARcPSD|46240884
Adaptation- Cellular level- hypertrophy, -Fluid excess occurs in the extracellular
hyperplasia, metaplasia. Fluid and compartment and may be referred to as
Electrolyte impact on adaption involves isotonic/iso-osmolar, hypotonic/ hypo-
maintain acid-base balance (renal, vascular osmolar, or hypertonic/hyper-osmolar,
and respiratory systems) Pressure gradients depending on the cause.
are maintained through fluid shifts and
component shifts. Example- If a condition ELECTROLYTES
exists and the solution is concentrated, water
moves to dilute the solution, or components SODIUM (135-145)
move to change the concentration.
-Primary cation (positively charged ion) in
Fluid Compartments the extracellular fluid
- Fluid is distributed between the
intracellular compartments(ICF) -Sodium is important for the maintenance of
fluid inside the cells, extracellular extracellular fluid volume through its effect
compartments (ECF) on osmotic pressure because it makes up
Extracellular compartments : approximately 90% of the solute in
-Intravascular fluid (IVF) or blood extracellular fluid.
- interstitial fluid (ISF) or intracellular
fluid (ICF) HYPONATREMIA
- cerebrospinal fluid
sodium deficit can result from direct loss of
sodium from the body or from an excess of
Hydrostatic and Osmotic Pressure water in the extracellular compartment,
resulting in dilution of sodium.
In the capillaries, hydrostatic pressure
increases filtration by pushing fluid and CAUSES:
solute OUT of the capillaries, while oncotic
pressure ( also known as colloid osmotic - sodium deficit - excess water in the
pressure) pulls the fluid into the capillaries extra cellular compartment.
and/or prevents fluid from leaving.
- Common causes for low sodium
Movement of Water
- Excessive sweating, vomiting, and
-Fluid constantly circulates throughout the diarrhea
body and moves relatively freely, depending
on the permeability of the membranes - Use of certain diuretics drugs with
between compartments by the processes of low salt diets
filtration or osmosis.
- Hormonal imbalances (insufficient
-depending on the relatively hydrostatic and ADH secretion)
osmotic pressure within the compartments.
Proteins and electrolytes contribute to the - Early chronc renal failure
osmotic pressure of a fluid and therefore are
important in maintaining fluid volumes. - Excessive water intake
Downloaded by damaris mutuli ()
