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Pathophysiology- Chapter 2 (Fluid & Electrolytes)
Pathophysiology (Chamberlain University)
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Ch 2 - FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES
Chapter 2 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances
Review of Concepts and Processes
The major component of the body is water in these compartments:
o Intercellular fluid (ICF) compartment
o Extracellular fluid (ECF) compartment
Balance of water in the compartments essential for homeostasis
o Fluid Compartments
About 60% of an adult’s body weight is water.
About 70% of an infant’s body weight is water.
Females―higher percentage of fatty tissue, lower water content than
males
Older adults and obese persons―lower proportion of water
Individuals with less fluid reserve are more likely to be adversely
affected by any fluid or electrolyte imbalance.
Fluid Compartments (cont’d.)
Intracellular compartment (ICF)
Extracellular compartment (ECF)
o Intravascular fluid (IVF) or blood
o Interstitial fluid (ISF) or intercellular fluid
o Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
o Transcellular fluids
Present in various secretions
Pericardial cavity
Synovial cavities
o Fluid Compartments in the Body
Intake and Output of Water
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Ch 2 - FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES
The amount of water entering the body should equal the amount of
water leaving the body.
Sources and Losses of Water
Movement of Water
Fluid circulates throughout the body via filtration and osmosis.
Water moves between compartments via:
o Hydrostatic pressure
o Osmotic pressure
Movements of Water between Compartments
Control of Fluid Balance
Thirst mechanism
o Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus
Antidiuretic hormone
o Promotes resorption of water into blood from kidney tubules
Aldosterone
o Determines resorption of sodium ions and water
Atrial natriuretic peptide
o Regulates fluid, sodium, and potassium levels
Fluid Excess―Edema
Edema―excessive amount of fluid in the interstitial
compartment
o Causes swelling
o May be localized or throughout the body
o May impair tissue perfusion
o May trap drugs in ISF
Capillary Exchange
Downloaded by damaris mutuli ()
Pathophysiology- Chapter 2 (Fluid & Electrolytes)
Pathophysiology (Chamberlain University)
Scan to open on Studocu
Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university
Downloaded by damaris mutuli ()
, lOMoARcPSD|46240884
Ch 2 - FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES
Chapter 2 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances
Review of Concepts and Processes
The major component of the body is water in these compartments:
o Intercellular fluid (ICF) compartment
o Extracellular fluid (ECF) compartment
Balance of water in the compartments essential for homeostasis
o Fluid Compartments
About 60% of an adult’s body weight is water.
About 70% of an infant’s body weight is water.
Females―higher percentage of fatty tissue, lower water content than
males
Older adults and obese persons―lower proportion of water
Individuals with less fluid reserve are more likely to be adversely
affected by any fluid or electrolyte imbalance.
Fluid Compartments (cont’d.)
Intracellular compartment (ICF)
Extracellular compartment (ECF)
o Intravascular fluid (IVF) or blood
o Interstitial fluid (ISF) or intercellular fluid
o Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
o Transcellular fluids
Present in various secretions
Pericardial cavity
Synovial cavities
o Fluid Compartments in the Body
Intake and Output of Water
Downloaded by damaris mutuli ()
, lOMoARcPSD|46240884
Ch 2 - FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES
The amount of water entering the body should equal the amount of
water leaving the body.
Sources and Losses of Water
Movement of Water
Fluid circulates throughout the body via filtration and osmosis.
Water moves between compartments via:
o Hydrostatic pressure
o Osmotic pressure
Movements of Water between Compartments
Control of Fluid Balance
Thirst mechanism
o Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus
Antidiuretic hormone
o Promotes resorption of water into blood from kidney tubules
Aldosterone
o Determines resorption of sodium ions and water
Atrial natriuretic peptide
o Regulates fluid, sodium, and potassium levels
Fluid Excess―Edema
Edema―excessive amount of fluid in the interstitial
compartment
o Causes swelling
o May be localized or throughout the body
o May impair tissue perfusion
o May trap drugs in ISF
Capillary Exchange
Downloaded by damaris mutuli ()
