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Chapter 9 - Musculoskeletal
Pathophysiology (Chamberlain University)
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Chapter 9 – Musculoskeletal
Review of Musculoskeletal System: Bones
o Classified by shape
o Long bones
o Short bones
o Flat bones
o Irregular bones
o Bone tissue consists of:
o Matrix
o Mature bone cells (osteocytes)
o Bone-producing cells (osteoblasts)
o Bone-resorbing cells (osteoclasts)
Bone
o Types of bone tissue
o Compact—outer covering of bone
o Cancellous (spongy)—interior of bone
o Other bone structures
o Periosteum—connective tissue covering over the bone
o Endosteum—osteoblast-rich lining of medullary cavity
Skeletal Muscle
o Functions of Skeletal Muscle
o Facilitate body movement.
o Maintain body position.
o Stabilize joints.
o Produce heat.
Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle
o Usually under voluntary control
o Bundles of protein fibers covered by connective tissue
o Well supplied with nerves and blood vessels
o Stimulation occurs at myoneural junction
o Myoglobin stores oxygen in fibers.
o Glycogen stored for energy
o Attachments—directly to periosteum or by tendon
o Cells do not undergo mitosis after birth.
Connective Tissue Coverings of Skeletal Muscle
o Epimysium - Connective tissue surrounding the entire muscle
o Perimysium - Connective tissue surrounding muscle fascicles
o Endomysium - Connective tissue around individual muscle fibers
o Motor unit - Motor neuron in the spinal cord and all muscle fibers innervated by the neurons
o Neuromuscular junction - Synapse between the motor neuron nerve fiber and muscle fiber
Neurotransmitter—acetylcholine (ACh)
Breakdown of Ach by cholinesterase; anticholinesterases will interfere with the
breakdown of ACh.
Neuromuscular Transmission and Muscle Contraction
o Arrival of the action potential
o Depolarization of the presynaptic terminal
o Calcium influx
o Exocytosis of the neurotransmitter (Ach)
o Diffusion of neurotransmitter to postsynaptic receptors—attachment
o Generation of muscle action potential
o Release of calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum
o Power stroke—contraction of muscle fiber
Downloaded by damaris mutuli ()
Chapter 9 - Musculoskeletal
Pathophysiology (Chamberlain University)
Scan to open on Studocu
Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university
Downloaded by damaris mutuli ()
, lOMoARcPSD|46240884
Chapter 9 – Musculoskeletal
Review of Musculoskeletal System: Bones
o Classified by shape
o Long bones
o Short bones
o Flat bones
o Irregular bones
o Bone tissue consists of:
o Matrix
o Mature bone cells (osteocytes)
o Bone-producing cells (osteoblasts)
o Bone-resorbing cells (osteoclasts)
Bone
o Types of bone tissue
o Compact—outer covering of bone
o Cancellous (spongy)—interior of bone
o Other bone structures
o Periosteum—connective tissue covering over the bone
o Endosteum—osteoblast-rich lining of medullary cavity
Skeletal Muscle
o Functions of Skeletal Muscle
o Facilitate body movement.
o Maintain body position.
o Stabilize joints.
o Produce heat.
Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle
o Usually under voluntary control
o Bundles of protein fibers covered by connective tissue
o Well supplied with nerves and blood vessels
o Stimulation occurs at myoneural junction
o Myoglobin stores oxygen in fibers.
o Glycogen stored for energy
o Attachments—directly to periosteum or by tendon
o Cells do not undergo mitosis after birth.
Connective Tissue Coverings of Skeletal Muscle
o Epimysium - Connective tissue surrounding the entire muscle
o Perimysium - Connective tissue surrounding muscle fascicles
o Endomysium - Connective tissue around individual muscle fibers
o Motor unit - Motor neuron in the spinal cord and all muscle fibers innervated by the neurons
o Neuromuscular junction - Synapse between the motor neuron nerve fiber and muscle fiber
Neurotransmitter—acetylcholine (ACh)
Breakdown of Ach by cholinesterase; anticholinesterases will interfere with the
breakdown of ACh.
Neuromuscular Transmission and Muscle Contraction
o Arrival of the action potential
o Depolarization of the presynaptic terminal
o Calcium influx
o Exocytosis of the neurotransmitter (Ach)
o Diffusion of neurotransmitter to postsynaptic receptors—attachment
o Generation of muscle action potential
o Release of calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum
o Power stroke—contraction of muscle fiber
Downloaded by damaris mutuli ()
