1 | Page
NSG 533 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM WITH
QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT SOLUTIONS | LATEST
UPDATE 2026/2027 | GRADED A+.
What is allergic asthma associated with? - correct answer- Type
1 Hypersensitivity; IgE mediated
What are the S&S of ARDS? - correct answer- SOB, Shallow
Rapid Breathing, Atelectasis (aveoli close), Dyspnea,
Inspiratory Crackles, Respiratory Alkalosis, Decreased Lung
Compliance, Hypoxemia
What are the S&S of tension pneumothorax? - correct answer-
Pressure that builds up and pushes the trachea towards the
unaffected side; Absent breath sounds over affected lung
What is cystic fibrosis? - correct answer- Excessive mucous
coating in the lungs and pancreas; Genetic Disorder
(Autosomal Recessive)
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Changes with an asthma attack: - correct answer- Wheezing,
SOB, Bronchoconstriction, Dyspnea, Tachypnea (rapid
breathing)
Respiratory Acidosis: What happens to the pH/CO2? - correct
answer- Elevation (increase) of pCO2 -- Decreased pH
(acidosis)
Respiratory Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/CO2? - correct
answer- Depression (decrease) of pCO2 -- Increased pH
(alkalosis)
Metabolic Acidosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3? - correct
answer- Depression (decrease) of HCO3 -- Decreased pH
(acidosis)
Metabolic Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3? - correct
answer- Elevation (increase) of HCO3 -- Increased pH
(alkalosis)
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What are signs of renal cancer? - correct answer- No pain!
Hematuria (Blood in the Urine)
How do you interpret ABG's? - correct answer- 1. Look at pH
(acidosis - low or alkalosis - high)
2. Check the CO2 (resp. indicator) - less than 35 (alkalosis)
more than 45 (acidosis)
3. Check the HCO3 (metabolic indicator) - less than 22
(acidosis) more than 26 (alkalosis)
4. Determine primary disorder (matches the pH)
5. Determine if its compensated (pH returns to normal or near
normal)
How do you manage end stage renal disease? - correct
answer- Dialysis, Fluid Restriction, Low Protein Diet, Decrease
Medication Doses, Anti-hypertensive, Give Ca Supplements,
Give Erythropoietin Shot, Give Iron Supplements/Blood
Transfusion (anemic)
What do you call kidney pain? - correct answer- Nephralgia
What is the most helpful test to determine renal function? -
correct answer- Creatinine
NSG 533 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM WITH
QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT SOLUTIONS | LATEST
UPDATE 2026/2027 | GRADED A+.
What is allergic asthma associated with? - correct answer- Type
1 Hypersensitivity; IgE mediated
What are the S&S of ARDS? - correct answer- SOB, Shallow
Rapid Breathing, Atelectasis (aveoli close), Dyspnea,
Inspiratory Crackles, Respiratory Alkalosis, Decreased Lung
Compliance, Hypoxemia
What are the S&S of tension pneumothorax? - correct answer-
Pressure that builds up and pushes the trachea towards the
unaffected side; Absent breath sounds over affected lung
What is cystic fibrosis? - correct answer- Excessive mucous
coating in the lungs and pancreas; Genetic Disorder
(Autosomal Recessive)
,2 | Page
Changes with an asthma attack: - correct answer- Wheezing,
SOB, Bronchoconstriction, Dyspnea, Tachypnea (rapid
breathing)
Respiratory Acidosis: What happens to the pH/CO2? - correct
answer- Elevation (increase) of pCO2 -- Decreased pH
(acidosis)
Respiratory Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/CO2? - correct
answer- Depression (decrease) of pCO2 -- Increased pH
(alkalosis)
Metabolic Acidosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3? - correct
answer- Depression (decrease) of HCO3 -- Decreased pH
(acidosis)
Metabolic Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3? - correct
answer- Elevation (increase) of HCO3 -- Increased pH
(alkalosis)
, 3 | Page
What are signs of renal cancer? - correct answer- No pain!
Hematuria (Blood in the Urine)
How do you interpret ABG's? - correct answer- 1. Look at pH
(acidosis - low or alkalosis - high)
2. Check the CO2 (resp. indicator) - less than 35 (alkalosis)
more than 45 (acidosis)
3. Check the HCO3 (metabolic indicator) - less than 22
(acidosis) more than 26 (alkalosis)
4. Determine primary disorder (matches the pH)
5. Determine if its compensated (pH returns to normal or near
normal)
How do you manage end stage renal disease? - correct
answer- Dialysis, Fluid Restriction, Low Protein Diet, Decrease
Medication Doses, Anti-hypertensive, Give Ca Supplements,
Give Erythropoietin Shot, Give Iron Supplements/Blood
Transfusion (anemic)
What do you call kidney pain? - correct answer- Nephralgia
What is the most helpful test to determine renal function? -
correct answer- Creatinine
