FNDH 400 FINAL EXAM 2026 WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
false, Bile is produced in the liver and emulsifies lipids - correct answer T or F: Bicarbonate is produced in the
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
pancreas and emulsifies lipids. a a a
False, Beano contains an enzyme that cleaves the alpha 1-6 bonds in oligosaccharides thereby decreasing the
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
fermentation of microbiota in the colon decreasing gas production that can lead to flatulence. - correct
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
answer T or F: Beano contains an enzyme that cleaves the beta bonds in fiber thereby increasing the
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
fermentation by the microbiota in the colon decreasing gas production that can lead to flatulence.
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
True - correct answer T or F: Compared to amylopectin, glycogen is more branched, and also has alpha 1-6
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
bonds at its branch points. These branches allow for quicker access to glucose when it is needed.
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
False, Cis fatty acids have lower melting points than trans fatty acids meaning cis fatty acids are more likely to
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
be liquid at room temperature - correct answer T or F: Cis fatty acids have higher melting points than trans fatty
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
acids, meaning cis fatty acids are more likely to be liquid at room temperature.
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
False, In individuals with PKU, since phenylalanine cannot be converted to tyrosine because of the mutation in
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
phenylalanine hydroxylase, tyrosine is conditionally essential in these individuals. - correct answer T or F: In
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
individuals with PKU, since proline cannot be converted to tryptophan because of the mutations in proline
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
hydroxylase, tryptophan is conditionally essential in these individuals. a a a a a a a
,False, Individuals with PKU need to consume a low protein diet and avoid consuming the alternative
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
sweetener aspartame, because it can be broken down to the amino acid phenylalanine - correct answer T or F:
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
Individuals with PKU need to consume a high protein diet and avoid consuming the amino acid advantame,
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
because it can be broken down to the amino acid proline.
a a a a a a a a a a
False, a product that contains inulin and bifidobacterium could be considered synbiotic - correct answer T or F:
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
A product that contains inulin and bufodobacterium could be considered a postbiotic
a a a a a a a a a a a a
False, Sucralose, is similar to sucrose in structure, with the only differences being that some chlorine
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
molecules replace hydroxyl molecules - correct answer T or F: Saccharine is similar to sucrose in structure ,
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
with the only differences being that some chlorine molecules replace hydroxyl molecules.
a a a a a a a a a a a
False, since high-fructose corn syrup contains free fructose, it will result in about the same amount of fructose
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
being available for uptake and absorption than sucrose. - correct answer T or F: Since high-fructose corn syrup
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
contains free fructose, it will result in more fructose being available for uptake and absorption than sucrose.
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
False, A limiting amino acid is an essential amino acid that is present in inadequate amounts in a protein
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
preventing it from being a complete protein - correct answer T or F: An incomplete amino acid is an essential
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
amino acid that is present in inadequate amounts in a protein preventing it from being a complete protein
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
False, Heartburn results from a leaky lower esophageal sphincter, which allows gastric fluid to enter the
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
esophagus - correct answer T or F: Heartburn results from a leaky pyloric sphincter, which allows gastric fluid
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
to enter the duodenum
a a a
True - correct answer T or F: Kwashiorkor results from inadequate protein, but adequate caloric intake and is
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
characterized by an extended abdomen a a a a
True - correct answer T or F: Complementary proteins provide the essential amino acids found in inadequate
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
amounts in the other protein, thus complementing one anothera a a a a a a a
True - correct answer T or F: Nonfermentable, nonviscous fiber is readily excreted in feces and also increases
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
stool bulk and decreases transit time thus decreasing constipation and colon cancer risk.
a a a a a a a a a a a a
, false, mannitol, is a good option for use in products like chewing gum because it is not readily fermented by
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
bacteria in the mouth, decreasing acid production, and thus reducing cavities. - correct answer T or F:
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
Mannitol is a poor option for use in products like chewing gum because it is readily fermented by bacteria n the
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
mouth, decreasing acid production, and thus reducing cavities.
a a a a a a a
false, fructose is the sweetest monosaccharide, while galactose is seldom found in free nature. - correct
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
answer T or F: Glucose is the sweetest monosaccharide, while fructose is seldom found free in nature.
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
false, Maltose is a simple carbohydrate of glucose-glucose bonded together with a alpha bond. - correct
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
answer T or F: Maltose is a complex carbohydrate of glucose-galactose bonded together with a beta bond.
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
False, eicosonoids produced from the essential omega-3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid elongated fatty acids
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
are less inflammatory that those produced from the essential omega-6 fatty acid linoleic acid elongated fatty
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
acids. - correct answer T or F: Eicosanoids produced from the essential omega-3 fatty acid beta-longeleic
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
elongated fatty acids are more inflammatory than those produced from the essential omega-6 fatty acid
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
longic acid elongated fatty acids.
a a a a
salivary amylase- carbohydrates a a
lipase- triglycerides - correct answer Name the macronutrients digestion enzymes that are released in the
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
mouth and what macronutrient they act on.
a a a a a a
pepsin- protein a
gastric lipase- triglycerides - correct answer Name the macronutrient digestion enzymes that are released in
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
the stomach and what macronutrient they act on
a a a a a a a
significant increase, nonsignificant increase, significant decrease, significant decrease - correct answer Odds
a a a a a a a a a a a a
ratio: significant increase/decrease, nonsignificant increase/decrease
a a a a
1.52 (1.11-1.91)
a
1.12 (0.92-1.32)
a
0.77 (0.57-0.97)
a
0.75 (0.55-0.95)
a
CORRECT ANSWERS
false, Bile is produced in the liver and emulsifies lipids - correct answer T or F: Bicarbonate is produced in the
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
pancreas and emulsifies lipids. a a a
False, Beano contains an enzyme that cleaves the alpha 1-6 bonds in oligosaccharides thereby decreasing the
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
fermentation of microbiota in the colon decreasing gas production that can lead to flatulence. - correct
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
answer T or F: Beano contains an enzyme that cleaves the beta bonds in fiber thereby increasing the
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
fermentation by the microbiota in the colon decreasing gas production that can lead to flatulence.
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
True - correct answer T or F: Compared to amylopectin, glycogen is more branched, and also has alpha 1-6
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
bonds at its branch points. These branches allow for quicker access to glucose when it is needed.
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
False, Cis fatty acids have lower melting points than trans fatty acids meaning cis fatty acids are more likely to
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
be liquid at room temperature - correct answer T or F: Cis fatty acids have higher melting points than trans fatty
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
acids, meaning cis fatty acids are more likely to be liquid at room temperature.
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
False, In individuals with PKU, since phenylalanine cannot be converted to tyrosine because of the mutation in
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
phenylalanine hydroxylase, tyrosine is conditionally essential in these individuals. - correct answer T or F: In
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
individuals with PKU, since proline cannot be converted to tryptophan because of the mutations in proline
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
hydroxylase, tryptophan is conditionally essential in these individuals. a a a a a a a
,False, Individuals with PKU need to consume a low protein diet and avoid consuming the alternative
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
sweetener aspartame, because it can be broken down to the amino acid phenylalanine - correct answer T or F:
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
Individuals with PKU need to consume a high protein diet and avoid consuming the amino acid advantame,
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
because it can be broken down to the amino acid proline.
a a a a a a a a a a
False, a product that contains inulin and bifidobacterium could be considered synbiotic - correct answer T or F:
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
A product that contains inulin and bufodobacterium could be considered a postbiotic
a a a a a a a a a a a a
False, Sucralose, is similar to sucrose in structure, with the only differences being that some chlorine
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
molecules replace hydroxyl molecules - correct answer T or F: Saccharine is similar to sucrose in structure ,
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
with the only differences being that some chlorine molecules replace hydroxyl molecules.
a a a a a a a a a a a
False, since high-fructose corn syrup contains free fructose, it will result in about the same amount of fructose
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
being available for uptake and absorption than sucrose. - correct answer T or F: Since high-fructose corn syrup
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
contains free fructose, it will result in more fructose being available for uptake and absorption than sucrose.
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
False, A limiting amino acid is an essential amino acid that is present in inadequate amounts in a protein
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
preventing it from being a complete protein - correct answer T or F: An incomplete amino acid is an essential
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
amino acid that is present in inadequate amounts in a protein preventing it from being a complete protein
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
False, Heartburn results from a leaky lower esophageal sphincter, which allows gastric fluid to enter the
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
esophagus - correct answer T or F: Heartburn results from a leaky pyloric sphincter, which allows gastric fluid
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
to enter the duodenum
a a a
True - correct answer T or F: Kwashiorkor results from inadequate protein, but adequate caloric intake and is
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
characterized by an extended abdomen a a a a
True - correct answer T or F: Complementary proteins provide the essential amino acids found in inadequate
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
amounts in the other protein, thus complementing one anothera a a a a a a a
True - correct answer T or F: Nonfermentable, nonviscous fiber is readily excreted in feces and also increases
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
stool bulk and decreases transit time thus decreasing constipation and colon cancer risk.
a a a a a a a a a a a a
, false, mannitol, is a good option for use in products like chewing gum because it is not readily fermented by
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
bacteria in the mouth, decreasing acid production, and thus reducing cavities. - correct answer T or F:
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
Mannitol is a poor option for use in products like chewing gum because it is readily fermented by bacteria n the
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
mouth, decreasing acid production, and thus reducing cavities.
a a a a a a a
false, fructose is the sweetest monosaccharide, while galactose is seldom found in free nature. - correct
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
answer T or F: Glucose is the sweetest monosaccharide, while fructose is seldom found free in nature.
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
false, Maltose is a simple carbohydrate of glucose-glucose bonded together with a alpha bond. - correct
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
answer T or F: Maltose is a complex carbohydrate of glucose-galactose bonded together with a beta bond.
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
False, eicosonoids produced from the essential omega-3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid elongated fatty acids
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
are less inflammatory that those produced from the essential omega-6 fatty acid linoleic acid elongated fatty
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
acids. - correct answer T or F: Eicosanoids produced from the essential omega-3 fatty acid beta-longeleic
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
elongated fatty acids are more inflammatory than those produced from the essential omega-6 fatty acid
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
longic acid elongated fatty acids.
a a a a
salivary amylase- carbohydrates a a
lipase- triglycerides - correct answer Name the macronutrients digestion enzymes that are released in the
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
mouth and what macronutrient they act on.
a a a a a a
pepsin- protein a
gastric lipase- triglycerides - correct answer Name the macronutrient digestion enzymes that are released in
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
the stomach and what macronutrient they act on
a a a a a a a
significant increase, nonsignificant increase, significant decrease, significant decrease - correct answer Odds
a a a a a a a a a a a a
ratio: significant increase/decrease, nonsignificant increase/decrease
a a a a
1.52 (1.11-1.91)
a
1.12 (0.92-1.32)
a
0.77 (0.57-0.97)
a
0.75 (0.55-0.95)
a
