FNDH 400- EXAM 2 WITH CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS
What is the maturation and life cycle of enterocytes (crypts, villi, sloughing etc.) - correct answer The crypts
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
which located in the pits of villi contain stem cells that can differentiate to enterocytes, and the enterocytes
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
mature as they migrate up. The life cycle of enterocytes is 72 hours. Once enterocytes have reached the top of
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
villi, they are sloughed off, and are either digested or excreted in feces.
a a a a a a a a a a a a
Uptake - correct answer compounds being transported into enterocytes
a a a a a a a a
Absorption - correct answer compounds being transported from enterocytes into circulation/lymph
a a a a a a a a a a
Passive Transport - correct answer does not require energy from ATP, and moves with concentration gradient
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
1. Simple diffusion - solutes move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
without the aid of proteins in membrane
a a a a a a
2. Facilitated diffusion - solutes move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
with assistance of membrane proteins
a a a a
3. Osmosis - water moves from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
Active transport - correct answer requires energy in the form of ATP, and moves against concentration
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
gradient
1. Active carrier transport - solutes move from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
concentration, use carrier/transport protein to help compounds get across membrane a a a a a a a a a
, Endocytosis - correct answer substances are taken up into cell in vesicles formed from the cell membrane
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
Type 1 Diabetes - correct answer the beta cells in pancreas are not capable of producing enough insulin, so it
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
doesn't bind to the insulin receptors and thus does not activate GLUT 4 to move to the surface of muscle and
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
adipose cells. This means limited glucose is taken up by GLUT 4.
a a a a a a a a a a a
Type 2 Diabetes - correct answer enough insulin is produced by pancreatic beta cells and binds to the insulin
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
receptor, GLUT4 does not move to the surface of muscle and adipose cells due to the insulin-resistance, as a
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
result, little glucose is taken up into cell
a a a a a a a
Glycemic Index - correct answer the relative change in blood glucose after consumption of 50g of
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
carbohydrates in a test food compared to 50g of carbohydrates of reference food (white bread or glucose)
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
Glycemic Load - correct answer incorporates serving size, use if you are measuring a whole food that takes
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
into account serving size
a a a
How Carbs are taken up into enterocytes, altered or repackaged, and absorbed - correct answer
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
Monosaccharides are taken up through transporters a a a a a
How Proteins are taken up into enterocytes, altered or repackaged, and absorbed - correct answer Dipeptides
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
and tripeptides are transported through a transporter, and amino acids are taken up through a variety of
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
transporters. Inside the enterocytes, peptides are cleaved to amino acids by peptidases. Then all amino acids
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
are transported from enterocytes into capillaries
a a a a a
How Lipids are taken up into enterocytes, altered or repackaged, and absorbed - correct answer Mixed
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
Micelles make it to the brush border, components make it into the enterocyte. SCFA and MCFAs are not
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
reesterfied and are diffused into the capillaries and bind to the protein Albumin. Long Chain Fatty Acids are
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
reesterified into phosphatidylcholine, triglycerides, and cholesterol ester and are packaged into
a a a a a a a a a a a
chylomicrons and absorbed through the lacteal because they are too large for capillaries.
a a a a a a a a a a a a
How Carbs are transported to the liver after absorption - correct answer Monosaccharides are transported to
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
the liver through the portal vein.
a a a a a
VERIFIED ANSWERS
What is the maturation and life cycle of enterocytes (crypts, villi, sloughing etc.) - correct answer The crypts
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
which located in the pits of villi contain stem cells that can differentiate to enterocytes, and the enterocytes
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
mature as they migrate up. The life cycle of enterocytes is 72 hours. Once enterocytes have reached the top of
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
villi, they are sloughed off, and are either digested or excreted in feces.
a a a a a a a a a a a a
Uptake - correct answer compounds being transported into enterocytes
a a a a a a a a
Absorption - correct answer compounds being transported from enterocytes into circulation/lymph
a a a a a a a a a a
Passive Transport - correct answer does not require energy from ATP, and moves with concentration gradient
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
1. Simple diffusion - solutes move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
without the aid of proteins in membrane
a a a a a a
2. Facilitated diffusion - solutes move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
with assistance of membrane proteins
a a a a
3. Osmosis - water moves from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
Active transport - correct answer requires energy in the form of ATP, and moves against concentration
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
gradient
1. Active carrier transport - solutes move from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
concentration, use carrier/transport protein to help compounds get across membrane a a a a a a a a a
, Endocytosis - correct answer substances are taken up into cell in vesicles formed from the cell membrane
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
Type 1 Diabetes - correct answer the beta cells in pancreas are not capable of producing enough insulin, so it
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
doesn't bind to the insulin receptors and thus does not activate GLUT 4 to move to the surface of muscle and
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
adipose cells. This means limited glucose is taken up by GLUT 4.
a a a a a a a a a a a
Type 2 Diabetes - correct answer enough insulin is produced by pancreatic beta cells and binds to the insulin
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
receptor, GLUT4 does not move to the surface of muscle and adipose cells due to the insulin-resistance, as a
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
result, little glucose is taken up into cell
a a a a a a a
Glycemic Index - correct answer the relative change in blood glucose after consumption of 50g of
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
carbohydrates in a test food compared to 50g of carbohydrates of reference food (white bread or glucose)
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
Glycemic Load - correct answer incorporates serving size, use if you are measuring a whole food that takes
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
into account serving size
a a a
How Carbs are taken up into enterocytes, altered or repackaged, and absorbed - correct answer
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
Monosaccharides are taken up through transporters a a a a a
How Proteins are taken up into enterocytes, altered or repackaged, and absorbed - correct answer Dipeptides
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
and tripeptides are transported through a transporter, and amino acids are taken up through a variety of
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
transporters. Inside the enterocytes, peptides are cleaved to amino acids by peptidases. Then all amino acids
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
are transported from enterocytes into capillaries
a a a a a
How Lipids are taken up into enterocytes, altered or repackaged, and absorbed - correct answer Mixed
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
Micelles make it to the brush border, components make it into the enterocyte. SCFA and MCFAs are not
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
reesterfied and are diffused into the capillaries and bind to the protein Albumin. Long Chain Fatty Acids are
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
reesterified into phosphatidylcholine, triglycerides, and cholesterol ester and are packaged into
a a a a a a a a a a a
chylomicrons and absorbed through the lacteal because they are too large for capillaries.
a a a a a a a a a a a a
How Carbs are transported to the liver after absorption - correct answer Monosaccharides are transported to
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
the liver through the portal vein.
a a a a a
