DETAILED ANSWERS|LATEST UPDATE!!!!!!2026|GUARANTEED
CORRECT = 100
100
INCORRECT=0
STUDY MATERIALS.......DESIGNED TO HELP YOU SUCCEED
SPOTLIGHT 1
1
, DETAILED ANSWERS|LATEST
UPDATE!!!!!!2026|GUARANTEED PASS|GRADED
A patient in respiratory distress and is breathing 33 breaths per minute. Which ABG value is
consistent with the clinical scenario?
PCO2 15
pH 7.30
pH 7.45
O2 sat 100% - ANSWER A patient who is breathing 33 breaths per minute is
hyperventilating and blowing off CO2; therefore the PCO2 level will be low. The patient will
most likely experience a respiratory alkalosis and the two pH values provided are not
consistent with this diagnosis.
A patient has a sodium level of 115 mEq/L and is disoriented and lethargic. Which
pathological process best explains this patient's symptoms?
a. The action potential has become hyperpolarized.
b. Water has shifted into the neurons and caused them to swell.
c. Water has shifted into the vascular space and dehydrated the neurons.
d. The action potential has become hypopolarized. - ANSWER b. The cause of
neurologic symptoms associated with a sodium imbalance is directly related to fluid shifting
into or out of the neurons of the brain. With a serum sodium of 115 mEq/L, water shifts into
the neurons and causes them to swell. Hypernatremia causes water to shift out of the cell
into the intravascular space and causes the neurons to become dehydrated. An alteration in
the action potential is not seen with sodium imbalances.
A patient experiencing dehydration should be monitored for which electrolyte imbalance?
a. Hyperkalemia
2
, b. Hypocalcemia
c. Hypercalcemia
d. Hyponatermia - ANSWER a. Serum osmolality is increased during times of
dehydration. An elevated serum osmolality will pull potassium into the intravascular space
from the intracellular space and cause a rise in serum potassium.
A married couple presents to your office for genetic counseling. The husband has an
autosomal recessive disease and his wife has a heterozygous genotype for the disease. They
ask you, What is the chance that our baby will have the disease? Which of the following
answers is correct?
25%
50%
75%
100% - ANSWER A chromosome is a package of material located inside the cell
nucleus which is made of proteins and a single molecule of DNA. There are 23 pairs of
chromosomes in each human cell for a total of 46 chromosomes. Chromosomes are
separated into two identical sets during mitosis or meiosis. This provides a set of
chromosomes to each daughter cell which results from cell division. This process is
responsible for the transfer of genetic information to the daughter cells. The first 22 pairs of
chromosomes are known as autosomes. The 23rd pair of chromosomes is the pair which
contains the genetic information for gender. This pair contains the genetic information which
delineates between the male and female genders. Females have two X chromosomes (XX)
and males have an XY chromosome pair. Autosomal chromosomes are said to be autologous.
This means they do not carry genetic information pertaining to gender. Autosomal genetic
diseases are carried on the first 22 pairs of chromosomes. Sex-linked diseases are only
carried on the 23rd pair of chromosomes. The autosomal chromosomes are nearly identical
to one another and are considered homologous to one another. Each autosomal
chromosome in a pair carries identical genes. These two genes are known as alleles. The
alleles occupy the same site on each partner of the chromosome pair and code for the same
genetic trait or physiologic function. Alleles can be dominant or recessive. One allele may be
dominant and the other recessive, or they both may be dominant or both recessive. The
dominant alleles' genetic code will always manifest in the individual's phenotype. The
information in the recessive allele is typically not expressed in the phenotype unless both
alleles are recessive. For the purpose of clarity in use, the dominant gene is assigned a
capital letter and the recessive gene is a
3
CORRECT = 100
100
INCORRECT=0
STUDY MATERIALS.......DESIGNED TO HELP YOU SUCCEED
SPOTLIGHT 1
1
, DETAILED ANSWERS|LATEST
UPDATE!!!!!!2026|GUARANTEED PASS|GRADED
A patient in respiratory distress and is breathing 33 breaths per minute. Which ABG value is
consistent with the clinical scenario?
PCO2 15
pH 7.30
pH 7.45
O2 sat 100% - ANSWER A patient who is breathing 33 breaths per minute is
hyperventilating and blowing off CO2; therefore the PCO2 level will be low. The patient will
most likely experience a respiratory alkalosis and the two pH values provided are not
consistent with this diagnosis.
A patient has a sodium level of 115 mEq/L and is disoriented and lethargic. Which
pathological process best explains this patient's symptoms?
a. The action potential has become hyperpolarized.
b. Water has shifted into the neurons and caused them to swell.
c. Water has shifted into the vascular space and dehydrated the neurons.
d. The action potential has become hypopolarized. - ANSWER b. The cause of
neurologic symptoms associated with a sodium imbalance is directly related to fluid shifting
into or out of the neurons of the brain. With a serum sodium of 115 mEq/L, water shifts into
the neurons and causes them to swell. Hypernatremia causes water to shift out of the cell
into the intravascular space and causes the neurons to become dehydrated. An alteration in
the action potential is not seen with sodium imbalances.
A patient experiencing dehydration should be monitored for which electrolyte imbalance?
a. Hyperkalemia
2
, b. Hypocalcemia
c. Hypercalcemia
d. Hyponatermia - ANSWER a. Serum osmolality is increased during times of
dehydration. An elevated serum osmolality will pull potassium into the intravascular space
from the intracellular space and cause a rise in serum potassium.
A married couple presents to your office for genetic counseling. The husband has an
autosomal recessive disease and his wife has a heterozygous genotype for the disease. They
ask you, What is the chance that our baby will have the disease? Which of the following
answers is correct?
25%
50%
75%
100% - ANSWER A chromosome is a package of material located inside the cell
nucleus which is made of proteins and a single molecule of DNA. There are 23 pairs of
chromosomes in each human cell for a total of 46 chromosomes. Chromosomes are
separated into two identical sets during mitosis or meiosis. This provides a set of
chromosomes to each daughter cell which results from cell division. This process is
responsible for the transfer of genetic information to the daughter cells. The first 22 pairs of
chromosomes are known as autosomes. The 23rd pair of chromosomes is the pair which
contains the genetic information for gender. This pair contains the genetic information which
delineates between the male and female genders. Females have two X chromosomes (XX)
and males have an XY chromosome pair. Autosomal chromosomes are said to be autologous.
This means they do not carry genetic information pertaining to gender. Autosomal genetic
diseases are carried on the first 22 pairs of chromosomes. Sex-linked diseases are only
carried on the 23rd pair of chromosomes. The autosomal chromosomes are nearly identical
to one another and are considered homologous to one another. Each autosomal
chromosome in a pair carries identical genes. These two genes are known as alleles. The
alleles occupy the same site on each partner of the chromosome pair and code for the same
genetic trait or physiologic function. Alleles can be dominant or recessive. One allele may be
dominant and the other recessive, or they both may be dominant or both recessive. The
dominant alleles' genetic code will always manifest in the individual's phenotype. The
information in the recessive allele is typically not expressed in the phenotype unless both
alleles are recessive. For the purpose of clarity in use, the dominant gene is assigned a
capital letter and the recessive gene is a
3
