NR 224 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE LATEST
*Ensure that you have reviewed your math calculations as there will be math on this exam
Nutrition:
1. Define:
a. basal metabolic rate: the energy needed to maintain life sustaining activities for a
specific period of time at rest
b. resting energy expenditure: the amount of energy that an individual needs to consume
over a 24 hr hr period for the body to maintain all of its internal working activities while
at rest
c. When is weight maintained-completely met by kilocalorie intake in food, lost-, and
gained? (give intake versus outputs for each)
2. Describe the following (what are they, why are they important, examples of each)
a. Carbohydrates: complex and simple saccharides
i. main source of energy for the brain, skeletal muscle, erythrocyte & leukocyte
production and cell function of the renal medulla
Ex.)
b. Proteins: amino acids, essential for growth, maintenance and repair of body tissue,
regulation of blood clotting, fluid regulation and acid base balance.
i. necessary for nitrogen balance
ii. What are the different types of protein? (dispensable, complete)
iii. What type of nitrogen balance is essentials for healing, growth, vital organ
function, etc.? Positive
How does protein affect this nitrogen balance?
Ex.)
c. Fats: saturated, polysaturated and monosaturated
i. calorie dense
ii. How much fat is needed in the diet to prevent deficiency of linoleic acid? What
is lineoleic acid?
iii. Triglycerides:
iv. Monounsaturated fatty acids:
v. Polyunsaturated fatty acids:Unsaturated fatty acids:
, vi. Saturated fatty acids:
1. What are AHA guidelines for daily saturated fat intake?
d. Water: cell function dependent on fluid environment
i. Describe signs and symptoms of dehydration?
ii. How would you educate a client about dehydration?
e. Vitamins: essential for metabolism
i. Fat Soluble: vitamins A, D, E & K
ii. Water Soluble: Vitamins C & B
f. Minerals: catalysts for enzymatic reactions (macrominerals-100 mg or more, trace
elements-100 mg or less)
3. Describe:
a. Digestion: begins in the mouth and ends in the small and large intestines
b. Metabolism and storage of nutrients: consist of anabolic & catabolic reactions. This is all
of the biochemical reactions within cells of the body. This include glycogenolysis, &
gluconeogenesis
c. Absorption: intestine is the primary area, use active transport, passive diffusion, osmosis
& pinocytosis
d. Elimination: chyme (liquified food) is moved through peristalsis and is changed into
feces
4. How is it best to assess cultural views of food preferences? ask the patient of family
5. Describe dietary restrictions for the following:
a. Muslim: no pork, no alcohol. Can have halal meat & may fast during ramadan
b. Christianity: meatless days during lent, little to no alcohol
c. Hinduism: no alcohol, no beef
d. Judaism: no pork, shellfish, no mixing of dairy products with meats dishes. fasting on
Yom Kippur, no leavened bread during passover. adhere to kosher food preparation
e. Mormons: no alcohol, no caffeine
f. Seventh-Day Adventists Church:
6. What are specific nutrition requirements for an infant?
a. Should they drink water? Why?
b. What other things are avoided?
milk, kidneys can not handle
*Ensure that you have reviewed your math calculations as there will be math on this exam
Nutrition:
1. Define:
a. basal metabolic rate: the energy needed to maintain life sustaining activities for a
specific period of time at rest
b. resting energy expenditure: the amount of energy that an individual needs to consume
over a 24 hr hr period for the body to maintain all of its internal working activities while
at rest
c. When is weight maintained-completely met by kilocalorie intake in food, lost-, and
gained? (give intake versus outputs for each)
2. Describe the following (what are they, why are they important, examples of each)
a. Carbohydrates: complex and simple saccharides
i. main source of energy for the brain, skeletal muscle, erythrocyte & leukocyte
production and cell function of the renal medulla
Ex.)
b. Proteins: amino acids, essential for growth, maintenance and repair of body tissue,
regulation of blood clotting, fluid regulation and acid base balance.
i. necessary for nitrogen balance
ii. What are the different types of protein? (dispensable, complete)
iii. What type of nitrogen balance is essentials for healing, growth, vital organ
function, etc.? Positive
How does protein affect this nitrogen balance?
Ex.)
c. Fats: saturated, polysaturated and monosaturated
i. calorie dense
ii. How much fat is needed in the diet to prevent deficiency of linoleic acid? What
is lineoleic acid?
iii. Triglycerides:
iv. Monounsaturated fatty acids:
v. Polyunsaturated fatty acids:Unsaturated fatty acids:
, vi. Saturated fatty acids:
1. What are AHA guidelines for daily saturated fat intake?
d. Water: cell function dependent on fluid environment
i. Describe signs and symptoms of dehydration?
ii. How would you educate a client about dehydration?
e. Vitamins: essential for metabolism
i. Fat Soluble: vitamins A, D, E & K
ii. Water Soluble: Vitamins C & B
f. Minerals: catalysts for enzymatic reactions (macrominerals-100 mg or more, trace
elements-100 mg or less)
3. Describe:
a. Digestion: begins in the mouth and ends in the small and large intestines
b. Metabolism and storage of nutrients: consist of anabolic & catabolic reactions. This is all
of the biochemical reactions within cells of the body. This include glycogenolysis, &
gluconeogenesis
c. Absorption: intestine is the primary area, use active transport, passive diffusion, osmosis
& pinocytosis
d. Elimination: chyme (liquified food) is moved through peristalsis and is changed into
feces
4. How is it best to assess cultural views of food preferences? ask the patient of family
5. Describe dietary restrictions for the following:
a. Muslim: no pork, no alcohol. Can have halal meat & may fast during ramadan
b. Christianity: meatless days during lent, little to no alcohol
c. Hinduism: no alcohol, no beef
d. Judaism: no pork, shellfish, no mixing of dairy products with meats dishes. fasting on
Yom Kippur, no leavened bread during passover. adhere to kosher food preparation
e. Mormons: no alcohol, no caffeine
f. Seventh-Day Adventists Church:
6. What are specific nutrition requirements for an infant?
a. Should they drink water? Why?
b. What other things are avoided?
milk, kidneys can not handle
