1
AGRICULTURAL-
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICES
Grade 12
Term 1
2026
Sources:
Department of Basic Education (DBE). Grade 12 Agricultural Management Practices question papers and memoranda (2017–2023).IMPAQ. Agricultural Management
Practices Grade 12 assessment material (2022–2024).CAPS / Annual Teaching Plan (ATP): Agricultural Management Practices, Grade 12. NSS_DBE/May/June 2024.
WCED T1_2025
This study guide has been compiled to help Grade 12 learners to Agricultural Management
Practices: Term 1systematically and purposefully revise in preparation for formal assessments
and the final examination.
The content focuses on the core concepts, management principles and applications which is
regularly tested in examination papers and helps learners to clearly understand the connection
between theory and practical farming situations.
For more Miss Ansie products, contact
CONTENTS
Farm planning – Utilisation of resources........................................................................................5
Soil structure............................................................................................................................5
Veld and grazing (Veld management) ....................................................................................... 10
Climate as a resource / Environmental factors ......................................................................... 14
Mechanization and implementation ........................................................................................ 16
Capital as a resource .............................................................................................................. 19
Labour as a resource .............................................................................................................. 19
Entrepreneurship as a resource............................................................................................... 21
Financial planning ...................................................................................................................... 22
@Miss_Ansie
, 2
Calculations & Income Statement ........................................................................................... 24
Budget ................................................................................................................................... 27
Record system ....................................................................................................................... 28
Farm Planning – Farming Systems ............................................................................................... 30
Precision farming.................................................................................................................... 30
Commercial farming ............................................................................................................... 33
Sustainable farm planning .......................................................................................................... 34
Business planning ...................................................................................................................... 36
Terminology
Term Description
The effective combination and coordination of all resources to
Management
increase profits.
The total of the income from all farming enterprises plus
Gross farming income
miscellaneous farming income.
The grazing area that provides sufficient grazing land to support a
Carrying capacity
specific number of animals.
Glass bottles / Glass jars Packaging material of glass with aluminium or plastic lids.
The production factor that cannot be easily recycled after being
Ground
used for urbanization.
The gradient against which soil lies influences erosion and drain
Slope
ability of the soil.
Money, manufactured goods and assets used to produce other
Capital
goods and generate income.
Takes a long time to absorb water but retains moisture for a
Clay soil
longer period.
A requisition form to keep a record of money taken from the petty
Petty cash receipt
cash.
A farming system where the right thing is done in the right place,
Precision farming
in the right way, and at the right time.
@Miss_Ansie
, 3
Term Description
Sandy soil Absorbs water quickly but also dries quickly.
Shade slope Southern slope.
Sun view slope Northern slope.
A farm business strategy that focuses on one product or
Specialization
operation in a farming enterprise.
A heating method that causes no living organisms to be present
Sterilization
in the food product after preservation.
Harvester The farm implement used to harvest crops.
A written instruction from the account holder to the bank to pay
Check
a specified amount to a beneficiary when presented.
The characteristics of an area, such as mountains, hills and
Topography
contours; include altitude, slope and exposure to solar radiation.
Fresh produce market / A market where sales are made on a commission basis by agents
Auction on behalf of the farmer.
The loss of water that occurs from soil and plants to the
Evapotranspiration
atmosphere during the day.
Migration of farm workers to
A problem experienced with the use of human labour on farms.
cities
Production capital The source of capital obtained through the sale of farm products.
Dormant/Resting The growth stage of grasses during winter.
The type of soil map that indicates the groundwater content of
Infrared map
soils.
The farmer receives this source document when he/she buys
Credit purchase invoice
goods on credit.
SWOT analysis A strategic planning tool that can help evaluate a farm.
The resource that includes people in management, workers and
Technical resource
service providers.
@Miss_Ansie
, 4
Term Description
The management principle that a farmer must apply before
Planning
starting a business.
Data processing for several clients takes place centrally, away
Bureau system
from the farms.
Weights and Measures Act,
Ensure that scales are regularly inspected and calibrated
1958 (Act 13 of 1958)
The restriction imposed on the movement of animals due to an
Quarantine
infectious disease.
Radiation/Ultraviolet rays or The method that sterilizes the surfaces of food, food containers,
light and the air.
A typical example of farm work associated with seasonal labour
Seasonal labour
is the harvesting of an annual fruit crop.
Black The soil colour which is an indication of a high humus content
The statement that serves as a guideline for a farming business
Vision statement
to future-proof itself.
A worker forgot to turn in the equipment and did not bring it back
A verbal warning until the next day. An appropriate disciplinary action for this
situation would be a verbal warning.
The plant species that determines the successional status of the
Indicator plant
field.
External circumstances or events that must occur for a business
Business plan assumptions
to be successful.
Soil erosion The removal of topsoil by runoff or strong winds.
Soil pH An indication of the acidity or alkalinity of the soil
The marketing channel where livestock and game are usually
Auction
sold to the highest bidder.
The collective term for all the different documents needed to
Source documents
complete an Income Statement.
@Miss_Ansie
AGRICULTURAL-
MANAGEMENT
PRACTICES
Grade 12
Term 1
2026
Sources:
Department of Basic Education (DBE). Grade 12 Agricultural Management Practices question papers and memoranda (2017–2023).IMPAQ. Agricultural Management
Practices Grade 12 assessment material (2022–2024).CAPS / Annual Teaching Plan (ATP): Agricultural Management Practices, Grade 12. NSS_DBE/May/June 2024.
WCED T1_2025
This study guide has been compiled to help Grade 12 learners to Agricultural Management
Practices: Term 1systematically and purposefully revise in preparation for formal assessments
and the final examination.
The content focuses on the core concepts, management principles and applications which is
regularly tested in examination papers and helps learners to clearly understand the connection
between theory and practical farming situations.
For more Miss Ansie products, contact
CONTENTS
Farm planning – Utilisation of resources........................................................................................5
Soil structure............................................................................................................................5
Veld and grazing (Veld management) ....................................................................................... 10
Climate as a resource / Environmental factors ......................................................................... 14
Mechanization and implementation ........................................................................................ 16
Capital as a resource .............................................................................................................. 19
Labour as a resource .............................................................................................................. 19
Entrepreneurship as a resource............................................................................................... 21
Financial planning ...................................................................................................................... 22
@Miss_Ansie
, 2
Calculations & Income Statement ........................................................................................... 24
Budget ................................................................................................................................... 27
Record system ....................................................................................................................... 28
Farm Planning – Farming Systems ............................................................................................... 30
Precision farming.................................................................................................................... 30
Commercial farming ............................................................................................................... 33
Sustainable farm planning .......................................................................................................... 34
Business planning ...................................................................................................................... 36
Terminology
Term Description
The effective combination and coordination of all resources to
Management
increase profits.
The total of the income from all farming enterprises plus
Gross farming income
miscellaneous farming income.
The grazing area that provides sufficient grazing land to support a
Carrying capacity
specific number of animals.
Glass bottles / Glass jars Packaging material of glass with aluminium or plastic lids.
The production factor that cannot be easily recycled after being
Ground
used for urbanization.
The gradient against which soil lies influences erosion and drain
Slope
ability of the soil.
Money, manufactured goods and assets used to produce other
Capital
goods and generate income.
Takes a long time to absorb water but retains moisture for a
Clay soil
longer period.
A requisition form to keep a record of money taken from the petty
Petty cash receipt
cash.
A farming system where the right thing is done in the right place,
Precision farming
in the right way, and at the right time.
@Miss_Ansie
, 3
Term Description
Sandy soil Absorbs water quickly but also dries quickly.
Shade slope Southern slope.
Sun view slope Northern slope.
A farm business strategy that focuses on one product or
Specialization
operation in a farming enterprise.
A heating method that causes no living organisms to be present
Sterilization
in the food product after preservation.
Harvester The farm implement used to harvest crops.
A written instruction from the account holder to the bank to pay
Check
a specified amount to a beneficiary when presented.
The characteristics of an area, such as mountains, hills and
Topography
contours; include altitude, slope and exposure to solar radiation.
Fresh produce market / A market where sales are made on a commission basis by agents
Auction on behalf of the farmer.
The loss of water that occurs from soil and plants to the
Evapotranspiration
atmosphere during the day.
Migration of farm workers to
A problem experienced with the use of human labour on farms.
cities
Production capital The source of capital obtained through the sale of farm products.
Dormant/Resting The growth stage of grasses during winter.
The type of soil map that indicates the groundwater content of
Infrared map
soils.
The farmer receives this source document when he/she buys
Credit purchase invoice
goods on credit.
SWOT analysis A strategic planning tool that can help evaluate a farm.
The resource that includes people in management, workers and
Technical resource
service providers.
@Miss_Ansie
, 4
Term Description
The management principle that a farmer must apply before
Planning
starting a business.
Data processing for several clients takes place centrally, away
Bureau system
from the farms.
Weights and Measures Act,
Ensure that scales are regularly inspected and calibrated
1958 (Act 13 of 1958)
The restriction imposed on the movement of animals due to an
Quarantine
infectious disease.
Radiation/Ultraviolet rays or The method that sterilizes the surfaces of food, food containers,
light and the air.
A typical example of farm work associated with seasonal labour
Seasonal labour
is the harvesting of an annual fruit crop.
Black The soil colour which is an indication of a high humus content
The statement that serves as a guideline for a farming business
Vision statement
to future-proof itself.
A worker forgot to turn in the equipment and did not bring it back
A verbal warning until the next day. An appropriate disciplinary action for this
situation would be a verbal warning.
The plant species that determines the successional status of the
Indicator plant
field.
External circumstances or events that must occur for a business
Business plan assumptions
to be successful.
Soil erosion The removal of topsoil by runoff or strong winds.
Soil pH An indication of the acidity or alkalinity of the soil
The marketing channel where livestock and game are usually
Auction
sold to the highest bidder.
The collective term for all the different documents needed to
Source documents
complete an Income Statement.
@Miss_Ansie
