UTC Physiology Exam Questions with Elaborate Answers

UTC Physiology Exam Questions with Elaborate Answers 1. average erythrocyte count in males - ANSWER 4.70-6.10 million/mm3 2. average erythrocyte count in females - ANSWER 4.20-5.40 million/mm3 3. millimeter cubed - ANSWER - 1000mm3 in 1 mL - 1 mL = 1 cm3 4. antibodies - ANSWER -created when a cell does not have an antigen, so that is considered foreign. -circulate in the plasma 5. blood type and their antibodies - ANSWER -type A-: antibodies for antigen B and Rh antigens -type A+: antibodies for antigen B -type B-: antibodies for antigen A and Rh antigen -type B+: antibodies for antigen A -type AB-: antibodies for Rh antigen -type AB+: NO antibodies -type O-: antibodies for antigen A, antigen B, and Rh antigen -type O+: antibodies for antigen A and antigen B 6. agglutination - ANSWER caused clumps to form that can obstruct and damage blood vessels 7. universal donor - ANSWER Type O blood 8. universal recipient - ANSWER type AB+ blood 9. Agglutination procedure - ANSWER 1. chose vial of simulated blood. 2. shake vial. put 3 drops of into each well 3. shake vials containing the serum. put 3 drops of the serum into its labeled well 4. mix. 5. wait 5 minutes 6. record 10. results from agglutination procedure - ANSWER -positive reaction for type: means it has that antigen -negative reaction for a type: has antibodies for that type -positive reaction for Rh: has Rh antigens present -negative reaction for Rh: no Rh antigens present 11. action potentials - ANSWER transmitted through the conduction pathway of the heart to make the heart beat 12. sinoatrial node (SA node) - ANSWER -in the right atrium at the top -pacemaker for the heart -60-100 bpm -first node in the conduction pathway 13. depolarizing of cardiac muscle fibers - ANSWER spreads to the right and left atrium causing a contraction 14. atrioventricular node (AV node) - ANSWER -at the top of the septum -40-60 bpm -second in the conduction pathway 15. Bundle of His - ANSWER -bundle of fibers -an electrical connection between the atria and the ventricles -40-60 bpm -down the septum between the ventricles 16. basophils - ANSWER -granular leukocytes -blue nucleus -large, dark-purple granules -releases histamine which makes moving across the capillary walls easier for leukocytes -release heparin which prevents blood clotting -less than 1% of leukocytes 17. PR segment - ANSWER -indicates atrioventricular node delay -the heart has no current flowing through it -time between the end of the P wave to the beginning of the QRS complex 18. atrioventricular nodal delay - ANSWER briefly delay the action potential to ensure the atria contract before contraction can occur 19. albumin - ANSWER a type of plasma protein that indicates that plasma proteins are filtering out of the blood and into the filtrate/urine 20. positive test for nitrite - ANSWER -nitrate is excreted in the urine -nitrate turns into nitrite because of bacteria -indicates a urinary tract infection -comes with a positive leukocytes test 21. urinary tract infections - ANSWER -abnormal pH levels -short-term proteinuria -nitrite in the urine -triple phosphate cystals 22. alkaline urine - ANSWER -Triple phosphate crystals -Calcium phosphate crystals 23. Triple phosphate crystals - ANSWER -alkaline urine -composed of ammonia, magnesium, and phosphate -urinary tract i