Biochemistry ACS Study Questions
with Detailed Answers | Latest
Edition
1. What does an oxidoreductase enzyme do? - ANSWER catalyze redox
reactions
2. Where are proteins synthesized within the cell? - ANSWER ribosome
3. which amino acids are commonly found in β turns? (4) - ANSWER glycine,
because it is small and flexible, and proline because it forms cis
conformation in tight turns.
4. β-mercaptoethanol (4) - ANSWER breaks disulfide bonds
5. circular dichroism (4) - ANSWER technique that measures the amount of
helical structures in macromolecule (protein is denatured)
6. Acid Disassociation constant Ka (2) - ANSWER quantitative measure of the
strength of an acid in solution
7. Native Fold - ANSWER
8. Size-exclusion chromatography (3) - ANSWER Separates proteins
according to size. Large proteins emerge from the column before small ones
(counterintuitive result). The solid phase consists of beads with engineered
pores or cavities of a particular size. Large proteins cannot enter the cavities,
, and so take a short (and rapid) path through the column, around the beads.
Small proteins enter the cavities, and migrate through the column more
slowly as a result
9. Affinity chromatography (3) - ANSWER based on the binding affinity of a
protein. The beads in the column have a covalently attached chemical group.
A protein with affinity for this particular chemical group will bind to the
beads in the column, and its migration will be retarded as a result
10.HPLC, or high-performance liquid chromatography. - ANSWER pumps
speed the movement of the protein molecules down the column, as well as
higher-quality chromatographic materials that can withstand the crushing
force of the pressurized flow. By reducing the transit time on the column,
HPLC can limit diffusional spreading of protein bands and thus greatly
improve resolution.
11.cation-exchange chromatography (3) - ANSWER solid matrix (stationary
phase) has negatively charged groups. In the mobile phase, proteins with a
net positive charge migrate through the matrix more slowly than those with a
net negative charge. The two types of protein can separate into two distinct
bands.
12.Induced fit - ANSWER conformational changes (in either ligand or protein)
that can occur upon ligand binding in order for tighter binding of ligand. ex:
HbA
13.porphin - ANSWER organic compound that is aromatic and heterocyclic,
consisting of 4 pyrole rings joined by 4 methine (=CH-) groups to form a
larger macrocycle ring. Ex: hemoglobin
, 14.chaperonins (4) - ANSWER elaborite protein complexes required for the
folding of a number of cellular proteins that do not fold spontaneously
15.Henderson-Hasselbach Equation (2) - ANSWER pH = pKa + log([A-
]/[HA])
16.which amino acids are not found in α-helices? (4) - ANSWER glycine and
proline. glycine is too flexible, proline is too rigid to rotate.
17.Bohr effect (5) - ANSWER effect of H+ and CO2 on the binding and
release of O2 from Hb. O2 binds well at higher pH and low CO2.
18.2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (5) - ANSWER decreases affinity of Hb for O2,
stabilizing T-state
19.antibodies or immunoglobulins, Ig (chapter 5) - ANSWER bind bacteria,
viruses, or large molecules identified as foreign and target them for
destruction
20.ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) (5) - ANSWER allows for
rapid screening and quantification of the presence of an antigen in a sample.
21.epitope (antigenic determinant) (5) - ANSWER where individual antibodies
or t-receptors bind on antigen
1) competitive inhibitors
2) uncompetitive inhibitors
3) mixed inhibitors
with Detailed Answers | Latest
Edition
1. What does an oxidoreductase enzyme do? - ANSWER catalyze redox
reactions
2. Where are proteins synthesized within the cell? - ANSWER ribosome
3. which amino acids are commonly found in β turns? (4) - ANSWER glycine,
because it is small and flexible, and proline because it forms cis
conformation in tight turns.
4. β-mercaptoethanol (4) - ANSWER breaks disulfide bonds
5. circular dichroism (4) - ANSWER technique that measures the amount of
helical structures in macromolecule (protein is denatured)
6. Acid Disassociation constant Ka (2) - ANSWER quantitative measure of the
strength of an acid in solution
7. Native Fold - ANSWER
8. Size-exclusion chromatography (3) - ANSWER Separates proteins
according to size. Large proteins emerge from the column before small ones
(counterintuitive result). The solid phase consists of beads with engineered
pores or cavities of a particular size. Large proteins cannot enter the cavities,
, and so take a short (and rapid) path through the column, around the beads.
Small proteins enter the cavities, and migrate through the column more
slowly as a result
9. Affinity chromatography (3) - ANSWER based on the binding affinity of a
protein. The beads in the column have a covalently attached chemical group.
A protein with affinity for this particular chemical group will bind to the
beads in the column, and its migration will be retarded as a result
10.HPLC, or high-performance liquid chromatography. - ANSWER pumps
speed the movement of the protein molecules down the column, as well as
higher-quality chromatographic materials that can withstand the crushing
force of the pressurized flow. By reducing the transit time on the column,
HPLC can limit diffusional spreading of protein bands and thus greatly
improve resolution.
11.cation-exchange chromatography (3) - ANSWER solid matrix (stationary
phase) has negatively charged groups. In the mobile phase, proteins with a
net positive charge migrate through the matrix more slowly than those with a
net negative charge. The two types of protein can separate into two distinct
bands.
12.Induced fit - ANSWER conformational changes (in either ligand or protein)
that can occur upon ligand binding in order for tighter binding of ligand. ex:
HbA
13.porphin - ANSWER organic compound that is aromatic and heterocyclic,
consisting of 4 pyrole rings joined by 4 methine (=CH-) groups to form a
larger macrocycle ring. Ex: hemoglobin
, 14.chaperonins (4) - ANSWER elaborite protein complexes required for the
folding of a number of cellular proteins that do not fold spontaneously
15.Henderson-Hasselbach Equation (2) - ANSWER pH = pKa + log([A-
]/[HA])
16.which amino acids are not found in α-helices? (4) - ANSWER glycine and
proline. glycine is too flexible, proline is too rigid to rotate.
17.Bohr effect (5) - ANSWER effect of H+ and CO2 on the binding and
release of O2 from Hb. O2 binds well at higher pH and low CO2.
18.2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (5) - ANSWER decreases affinity of Hb for O2,
stabilizing T-state
19.antibodies or immunoglobulins, Ig (chapter 5) - ANSWER bind bacteria,
viruses, or large molecules identified as foreign and target them for
destruction
20.ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) (5) - ANSWER allows for
rapid screening and quantification of the presence of an antigen in a sample.
21.epitope (antigenic determinant) (5) - ANSWER where individual antibodies
or t-receptors bind on antigen
1) competitive inhibitors
2) uncompetitive inhibitors
3) mixed inhibitors
