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2026-2027 Includes Frequently Tested
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COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
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1. Sensation - ANSWER process by which our sensory receptors and
nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our
environment
2. Perception - ANSWER the process of organizing and interpreting
sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and
events
3. Bottom-up processing - ANSWER analysis that begins with the sensory
receptors and works UP to the brain's integration of sensory information
4. Top-down processing - ANSWER information processing guided by
higher-level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing
on our experience and expectations
,5. Selective attention - ANSWER focusing on conscious awareness on a
particular stimulus - closing out peripheral vision and focusing on one
thing
6. Inattentional blindness - ANSWER failing to see visible objects when
our attention is directed elsewhere - focusing on one thing where you
don't realized something else is happening
7. Change blindness - ANSWER failing to notice changes in the
environment
8. Transduction - ANSWER conversion of one form of energy into another
- how we see, hear, feel pain, smell, keep balance - receiving, transforming
and delivering information to the brain (RTD)
9. Psychophysics - ANSWER the study of relationships between the
physical characteristics of stimuli, such as their intensity, and our
psychological experience of them
10.Absolute threshold - ANSWER minimum stimulation needed to detect
a particular stimulus 50% of the time (bottom-up processing)
11.Signal detection theory - ANSWER how and when we detect a faint
stimulus (signal) amid background stimulation (noise) (top-down
processing)
,12.Subliminal - ANSWER below one's absolute threshold for conscious
awareness
13.Priming - ANSWER Unconscious activation of certain associations, thus
predisposing(making one liable to) ones perception, memory or response
14.Difference threshold (JND) - ANSWER minimum difference between 2
stimuli required for detection 50% of the time (bottom-up processing)
15.Weber's law - ANSWER to be perceived as different, two stimuli must
differ by a constant minimum percentage (rather than a constant amount)
(bottom-up processing)
16.Sensory adaption - ANSWER diminished sensitivity as a consequence
of constant stimulation - reduces our sensitivity - influences our
perceptions of emotions
17.Perceptual set - ANSWER mental predisposition to perceive one thing
and not another - can influences all sense BUT smell -
18.Extrasensory perception - ANSWER the controversial claim that
perception can occur apart from sensory input; includes telepathy,
clairvoyance, and precognition
, 19.Parapsychology - ANSWER the study of paranormal phenomena,
including ESP and psychokinesis
20.Light wave - ANSWER a wave of energy that has crests and troughs
that repeat
21.Wavelength - ANSWER distance from the peak of 1 light or sound
wave to the peak of the next
22.Hue - ANSWER dimension of color that is determined by the
wavelength of light; what we know as the color names blue, green, and so
forth
23.Intensity - ANSWER the amount of energy in a light or sound wave,
which we perceive as brightness or loudness
24.Cornea - ANSWER the clear tissue that covers the front of the eye
25.Pupil - ANSWER the adjustable opening in the center of the eye
through which light enters
26.Iris - ANSWER a ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of
the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening