NUR 2830 Exam #4 Practice Questions
with All Complete/Verified Solutions.
Cartilage - Answer Allows bones to slide over one another, reduces friction, prevents
damage, absorbs shock.
tendon - Answer Connects muscle to bone
ligament - Answer Connect bone to bone to stabilize joints and limit movement
bursae - Answer Fluid-filled sacs in areas of friction to cushion bones or ligaments that might
rub against each other.
meniscus - Answer Cartilage disk between bones to absorb shock and cushion joints.
fascia - Answer Flat sheets that line and protect muscle fibers, attach muscle to bone, and
provide structure for nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatics.
fibrious joints - Answer immovable ex: cranium
cartilaginous joints - Answer slightly movable Ex: symphysis pubis
Synovial joints: - Answer freely movable. 6 types: ball and socket, hinge, pivot, condyloid,
saddle and gliding.
are freely movable and they are located in the hip, elbow, knee, shoulder, wrist, and thumbs
Flexion - Answer dec the angle b/w bones or brings bone together
dorsiflexion - Answer bending the ankle so that the toes move toward the head
plantar flexion - Answer moving the foot so that the toes move away from the head
extension - Answer inc the angle to a straight line or 0 degrees
hyperextension - Answer extension beyond the neutral position
,abduction - Answer movement of a part away from the center of the body
adduction - Answer movement of a part toward the center of the body
rotation - Answer turning of the joint around a longitudinal axis
internal rotation - Answer rotating an extremity medially along its axis
external rotation - Answer rotating an extremity laterally along its axis
pronation - Answer turning the forearm so the palm is down
supination - Answer turning the forearm so the palm is up
circumduction - Answer Circular motion that combines flexion, extension, abduction, and
adduction.
inversion - Answer Turning the sole of the foot inward
eversion - Answer turning the sole of the foot outward
protraction - Answer moving a body part forward and parallel to the ground
retraction - Answer moving a body part backward and parallel to the ground
elevation - Answer moving a body part upward
depression - Answer moving a body part downward
opposition - Answer moving the thumb to touch the little finger
Older adults muscle - Answer decreased bone density (osteoporosis)
inc bony prominences
cartilage degeneration
joint stiffness and lax ligaments
, muscle atrophy
Common muscle symptoms - Answer Pain or discomfort Weakness
Stiffness or limited movement
Deformity
Lack of balance and coordination
muscle assessment - Answer inspection and palpation
ATONY - Answer lack of normal muscle tone or strength
hypotonicity - Answer diminished tone of the skeletal muscles
spasticity - Answer Hypertonic, so the muscles are stiff and movements awkward
spasm - Answer a sudden, violent, involuntary contraction of a muscle
fasiculation - Answer involuntary twitching of muscle fibers
tremors - Answer involuntary contraction of muscles
Muscle strength scale 5/5 - Answer complete ROM against gravity and full resistance
4/5 muscle strength - Answer Complete ROM against gravity and moderate resistance
3/5 muscle strength - Answer complete ROM against gravity
2/5 muscle strength - Answer complete ROM with the joint supported, cant perform ROM
against gravity
1/5 muscle strength - Answer muscle contraction detectable, but no movement of the joint
0/5 muscle strength - Answer no visible muscle contraction
with All Complete/Verified Solutions.
Cartilage - Answer Allows bones to slide over one another, reduces friction, prevents
damage, absorbs shock.
tendon - Answer Connects muscle to bone
ligament - Answer Connect bone to bone to stabilize joints and limit movement
bursae - Answer Fluid-filled sacs in areas of friction to cushion bones or ligaments that might
rub against each other.
meniscus - Answer Cartilage disk between bones to absorb shock and cushion joints.
fascia - Answer Flat sheets that line and protect muscle fibers, attach muscle to bone, and
provide structure for nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatics.
fibrious joints - Answer immovable ex: cranium
cartilaginous joints - Answer slightly movable Ex: symphysis pubis
Synovial joints: - Answer freely movable. 6 types: ball and socket, hinge, pivot, condyloid,
saddle and gliding.
are freely movable and they are located in the hip, elbow, knee, shoulder, wrist, and thumbs
Flexion - Answer dec the angle b/w bones or brings bone together
dorsiflexion - Answer bending the ankle so that the toes move toward the head
plantar flexion - Answer moving the foot so that the toes move away from the head
extension - Answer inc the angle to a straight line or 0 degrees
hyperextension - Answer extension beyond the neutral position
,abduction - Answer movement of a part away from the center of the body
adduction - Answer movement of a part toward the center of the body
rotation - Answer turning of the joint around a longitudinal axis
internal rotation - Answer rotating an extremity medially along its axis
external rotation - Answer rotating an extremity laterally along its axis
pronation - Answer turning the forearm so the palm is down
supination - Answer turning the forearm so the palm is up
circumduction - Answer Circular motion that combines flexion, extension, abduction, and
adduction.
inversion - Answer Turning the sole of the foot inward
eversion - Answer turning the sole of the foot outward
protraction - Answer moving a body part forward and parallel to the ground
retraction - Answer moving a body part backward and parallel to the ground
elevation - Answer moving a body part upward
depression - Answer moving a body part downward
opposition - Answer moving the thumb to touch the little finger
Older adults muscle - Answer decreased bone density (osteoporosis)
inc bony prominences
cartilage degeneration
joint stiffness and lax ligaments
, muscle atrophy
Common muscle symptoms - Answer Pain or discomfort Weakness
Stiffness or limited movement
Deformity
Lack of balance and coordination
muscle assessment - Answer inspection and palpation
ATONY - Answer lack of normal muscle tone or strength
hypotonicity - Answer diminished tone of the skeletal muscles
spasticity - Answer Hypertonic, so the muscles are stiff and movements awkward
spasm - Answer a sudden, violent, involuntary contraction of a muscle
fasiculation - Answer involuntary twitching of muscle fibers
tremors - Answer involuntary contraction of muscles
Muscle strength scale 5/5 - Answer complete ROM against gravity and full resistance
4/5 muscle strength - Answer Complete ROM against gravity and moderate resistance
3/5 muscle strength - Answer complete ROM against gravity
2/5 muscle strength - Answer complete ROM with the joint supported, cant perform ROM
against gravity
1/5 muscle strength - Answer muscle contraction detectable, but no movement of the joint
0/5 muscle strength - Answer no visible muscle contraction
