ESS past paper questions with correct
|| || || || ||
answers
|| ||
Define species. ||
a group of organisms that interbreed and produce fertile
|| || || || || || || || ||
offspring ||
State limitations of using a key to identify organisms.
|| || || || || || || ||
- features can change with season/age
|| || || || ||
- can be hard to distinguish between species
|| || || || || || ||
- only already discovered species can be identified
|| || || || || || ||
Describe a method to estimate the size of a bird
|| || || || || || || || || ||
population.
- Lincoln Index/capture mark recapture
|| || || ||
- trap birds and mark before releasing
|| || || || || ||
- recapture a sample after a sufficient time period
|| || || || || || || ||
- use Lincoln Index formula to calculate total population
|| || || || || || || ||
- suitable for closed population (not migrating)
|| || || || || ||
,Explain what is meant by natural income.
|| || || || || ||
the value of natural capital that provides goods or
|| || || || || || || || ||
services
How can the maximum sustainable yield be calculated?
|| || || || || || ||
- it is the maximum rate that can be exploited without
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
depleting the stock || ||
- annual gain in biomass / annual growth of cattle minus
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
death
Why may some countries not have switched to recycling?
|| || || || || || || ||
- political change away from Green politics
|| || || || || ||
- economic constraints making it too expensive
|| || || || || ||
- increase in waste due to increased population
|| || || || || || ||
Evaluate incineration in managing solid waste.
|| || || || ||
+ cheap
||
+ ash can be used as a raw material
|| || || || || || || ||
,+ can kill disease agents
|| || || ||
+ can produce energy
|| || ||
- residue still requires disposal
|| || || ||
- produces air pollutants like GHGs/CO2
|| || || || ||
- linked to cancer/health problems
|| || || ||
- transportation problems
|| ||
Why might ecological footprints increase?
|| || || ||
- increased industrialisation increases resource use
|| || || || ||
- changes in diet to more meat
|| || || || || ||
- consumer society uses more resources
|| || || || ||
- higher standard of living increases car
|| || || || || ||
ownership/pollution
||
Suggest advantages of using ecological footprints as a
|| || || || || || || ||
measure for sustainability. || ||
- simple to use allowing comparisons
|| || || || ||
- easy to communicate allowing more people to
|| || || || || || || ||
understand their impact || ||
- easily used in marketing so can be easily disseminated
|| || || || || || || || ||
, - links global and local impact so helps tracking of
|| || || || || || || || || ||
sustainability
What causes an increase in stratospheric ozone
|| || || || || || ||
concentration?
Increased CFCs production || ||
What causes an increase in tropospheric ozone
|| || || || || || ||
concentration?
Increased vehicles/industry that produces hydrocarbons
|| || || || ||
or VOCs
||
Evaluate the effectiveness of the Montreal Protocol in
|| || || || || || || ||
managing ozone depletion. || ||
+ ozone hole has decreased in size
|| || || || || ||
+ has caused a reduction in CFCs use
|| || || || || || ||
+ referred to as the most successful international
|| || || || || || || ||
agreement
+ agreed to by many nations
|| || || || ||
+ provides a model for other agreements
|| || || || || ||
- agreement was not followed by immediate response
|| || || || || || ||
|| || || || ||
answers
|| ||
Define species. ||
a group of organisms that interbreed and produce fertile
|| || || || || || || || ||
offspring ||
State limitations of using a key to identify organisms.
|| || || || || || || ||
- features can change with season/age
|| || || || ||
- can be hard to distinguish between species
|| || || || || || ||
- only already discovered species can be identified
|| || || || || || ||
Describe a method to estimate the size of a bird
|| || || || || || || || || ||
population.
- Lincoln Index/capture mark recapture
|| || || ||
- trap birds and mark before releasing
|| || || || || ||
- recapture a sample after a sufficient time period
|| || || || || || || ||
- use Lincoln Index formula to calculate total population
|| || || || || || || ||
- suitable for closed population (not migrating)
|| || || || || ||
,Explain what is meant by natural income.
|| || || || || ||
the value of natural capital that provides goods or
|| || || || || || || || ||
services
How can the maximum sustainable yield be calculated?
|| || || || || || ||
- it is the maximum rate that can be exploited without
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
depleting the stock || ||
- annual gain in biomass / annual growth of cattle minus
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
death
Why may some countries not have switched to recycling?
|| || || || || || || ||
- political change away from Green politics
|| || || || || ||
- economic constraints making it too expensive
|| || || || || ||
- increase in waste due to increased population
|| || || || || || ||
Evaluate incineration in managing solid waste.
|| || || || ||
+ cheap
||
+ ash can be used as a raw material
|| || || || || || || ||
,+ can kill disease agents
|| || || ||
+ can produce energy
|| || ||
- residue still requires disposal
|| || || ||
- produces air pollutants like GHGs/CO2
|| || || || ||
- linked to cancer/health problems
|| || || ||
- transportation problems
|| ||
Why might ecological footprints increase?
|| || || ||
- increased industrialisation increases resource use
|| || || || ||
- changes in diet to more meat
|| || || || || ||
- consumer society uses more resources
|| || || || ||
- higher standard of living increases car
|| || || || || ||
ownership/pollution
||
Suggest advantages of using ecological footprints as a
|| || || || || || || ||
measure for sustainability. || ||
- simple to use allowing comparisons
|| || || || ||
- easy to communicate allowing more people to
|| || || || || || || ||
understand their impact || ||
- easily used in marketing so can be easily disseminated
|| || || || || || || || ||
, - links global and local impact so helps tracking of
|| || || || || || || || || ||
sustainability
What causes an increase in stratospheric ozone
|| || || || || || ||
concentration?
Increased CFCs production || ||
What causes an increase in tropospheric ozone
|| || || || || || ||
concentration?
Increased vehicles/industry that produces hydrocarbons
|| || || || ||
or VOCs
||
Evaluate the effectiveness of the Montreal Protocol in
|| || || || || || || ||
managing ozone depletion. || ||
+ ozone hole has decreased in size
|| || || || || ||
+ has caused a reduction in CFCs use
|| || || || || || ||
+ referred to as the most successful international
|| || || || || || || ||
agreement
+ agreed to by many nations
|| || || || ||
+ provides a model for other agreements
|| || || || || ||
- agreement was not followed by immediate response
|| || || || || || ||
