Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027
Includes Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED
100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
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1. Placebo - ANSWER an inert substance or condition that may be
administered instead of a presumed active agent, such as a drug, to see if it
triggers the effects believed to characterize the active agent
2. Double-blind procedure - ANSWER an experimental procedure in which
both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant (blind)
about whether the research participants have received the treatment or a
placebo. Commonly used in drug-evaluation studies.
3. Placebo effect - ANSWER any effect on behavior caused by a placebo
4. Experimental condition - ANSWER the condition of an experiment that
exposes participants to the treatment, that is, to one version of the
independent variable
,5. Control condition - ANSWER the condition of an experiment that
contrasts with the experimental condition and serves as a comparison for
evaluation the effect of the treatment
6. Random assignment - ANSWER assigning participants to experimental
and control conditions by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences
between those assigned to the different groups
7. Independent variable - ANSWER the experimental factor that is
manipulated; the variable whose effect if being studied
8. Dependent variable - ANSWER the experimental factor--in psychology,
the behavior or mental process--that is being measured; the variable that
may change in response to the manipulations of the independent variable
9. Mode - ANSWER the most frequently occurring score in a distribution
10.Mean - ANSWER the arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by
adding the scores and then dividing by the number of scores
11.Median - ANSWER the middle score in a distribution; the scores are
above it and half are below it
12.Range - ANSWER the difference between the highest and lowest scores
in a distribution
,13.Standard deviation - ANSWER a computed measure of how much scores
vary around the mean score
14.Statistical significance - ANSWER a statistical criterion for rejecting the
assumption of no differences in a particular study
15.Culture - ANSWER the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and
traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one
generation to the next
16.Biological psychology - ANSWER concerned with links between biology
and behavior
17.Neuron - ANSWER building blocks of the nervous system
18.Dendrite - ANSWER Branches designed to receive/send/and transport
information
19.Axon - ANSWER transports messages to different muscles/glands in the
body
20.Action potential - ANSWER a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge
that travels down an axon. The action potential is generated by the
, movement of positively charged atoms in and out of channels in the axon's
membrane.
21.Myelin sheath - ANSWER a layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the
fibers of many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural
impulses as the impulse hops from one node to the next
22.Threshold - ANSWER the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural
impulse
23.Synapse - ANSWER the junction between the axon tip of the sending
neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron. The tiny gap
at this junction is called the synaptic gap or cleft
24.Neurotransmitters - ANSWER chemical messengers that traverse the
synaptic gaps between neurons. When released by the sending neuron,
neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on
the receiving neuron, thereby influencing whether it will generate a neural
impulse
25.Acetylcholine - ANSWER a neurotransmitter that, among its functions,
triggers muscle contraction
26.Endorphins - ANSWER "morphine within" - natural, opiatelike
neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure.