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2026-2027 Includes Frequently Tested
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1. Sensory memory - ANSWER the immediate, very brief recording of
sensory information in the memory system
2. Short-term memory - ANSWER activated memory that holds a few items
briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the
information is stored or forgotten
3. Working memory - ANSWER a newer understanding of short-term
memory that focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory
and visual-spatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term
memory
4. Long-term memory - ANSWER the relatively permanent and limitless
storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and
experiences.
,5. Automatic processing - ANSWER unconscious encoding of incidental
information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned
information, such as word meanings
6. Effortful processing - ANSWER encoding that requires attention and
conscious effort
7. Maintenance rehearsal - ANSWER The process of repeatedly verbalizing
or thinking about a piece of information; increases time information can
stay in short-term memory
8. Elaborative rehearsal - ANSWER A memory technique that involves
thinking about the meaning of the term to be remembered, as opposed to
simply repeating the word to yourself over and over.
9. Serial position effect - ANSWER our tendency to recall best the last and
first items in a list
10.Semantic encoding - ANSWER the encoding of meaning, including the
meaning of words
11.Mnemonics - ANSWER memory aids, especially those techniques that
use vivid imagery and organizational devices
12.Chunking - ANSWER organizing items into familiar, manageable units;
often occurs automatically
,13.Long-term potentiation (LTP) - ANSWER an increase in a synapse's firing
potential after brief, rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for
learning and memory.
14.Anterograde amnesia - ANSWER loss of memory from the point of
injury or trauma forward, or the inability to form new long-term memories
15.Retrograde amnesia - ANSWER loss of memory from the point of some
injury or trauma backwards, or loss of memory for the past
16.Episodic memory - ANSWER the collection of past personal experiences
that occurred at a particular time and place
17.Semantic memory - ANSWER a network of associated facts and
concepts that make up our general knowledge of the world
18.Procedural memory - ANSWER A type of long-term memory of how to
perform different actions and skills. Essentially, it is the memory of how to
do certain things.
19.Implicit memory - ANSWER retention independent of conscious
recollection
, 20.Explicit memory - ANSWER memory of facts and experiences that one
can consciously know and "declare"
21.Retrieval cues - ANSWER Any stimulus that helps us recall information
from our long-term memory.
22.Recall - ANSWER A measure of memory in which the person must
retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test.
23.Recognition - ANSWER a measure of memory in which the person need
only identify items previously learned, as on a multiple-choice test
24.Priming - ANSWER the activation, often unconsciously, of particular
associations in memory
25.Proactive interference - ANSWER the disruptive effect of prior learning
on the recall of new information
26.Retroactive interference - ANSWER the disruptive effect of new learning
on the recall of old information
27.Misinformation effect - ANSWER incorporating misleading information
into one's memory of an event