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1. Monism - ANSWER mind and body are inseparable (spirit cannot go on
without the body)
2. Dualism - ANSWER mind and body are separate (spirit cannot go on
without the body)
3. Francis Bacon - ANSWER Father of Empiricism; Father of the scientific
method; scientific knowledge can only be based on observation and
experimentation; influenced others to study psychology in a down to earth
way instead of a philosophical way
4. John Locke - ANSWER believed that the mind is a blank slate at birth
and grows with experience; him and Bacon's ideas led to empiricism
,5. Empiricism - ANSWER the view that knowledge originates in experience
and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and
experimentation
6. Wilhelm Wundt - ANSWER performed the first psych experiment; Father
of Psych; created first psych laboratory
7. First psych experiment performed by Wilhelm Wundt - ANSWER He
made a machine that measured how long it took for someone to press a
button after hearing a ball drop. People responded faster when they were
told to press the button as soon as they heard the sound as opposed to as
soon as they were aware of perceiving a sound.
8. Edward Titchener - ANSWER student of Wundt; believed in
structuralism and introspection
9. Structuralism - ANSWER using introspection to reveal the structure of
the human mind; the goal was to identify what the mind and consciousness
were
10.Introspection - ANSWER involves people describing different
experiences and what goes through their mind during different events; not
reliable
11.William James - ANSWER believed that thinking evolved and adapted to
contribute to human survival; believed in functionalism
,12.Functionalism - ANSWER explored how mental and behavioral
processes function - how they allow organisms to survive
13.Mary Whiton Calkins - ANSWER James admitted this person into his
class against Harvard rules; all the other people dropped out of the class
and he tutored this person privately; Harvard denied this person a
psychology degree
14.Mary Whiton Calkins - ANSWER became the American Psychological
Association's first female president
15.Margaret Floy Washburn - ANSWER first female awarded a PhD in
psych; second female APA president; opposed the idea that only behavioral
events should be studied; published "The Animal Mind"
16.Experimental psychology - ANSWER the study of behavior and thinking
using experiments
17.Watson and Skinner - ANSWER defined psychology as "the scientific
study of observable behavior"; uninterested in studying the mental process;
behaviorism
18.Behaviorism - ANSWER the view that psych should be an objective
science and study behavior without reference to mental process
, 19.Sigmund Freud - ANSWER his type of psychology emphasizes the way
our subconscious thought processes and our emotional responses to
childhood experiences affect our behavior
20.Psychodynamic approach - ANSWER an updated version of Freud's ideas
21.Humanistic psychology - ANSWER emphasized the growth potential of
healthy people; the importance of having needs for love and acceptance
satisfied
22.Cognitive Revolution - ANSWER a group of psychologists rebelled
against behaviorism; they renewed interest in mental process; cognitive
neuroscience
23.Cognitive Neuroscience - ANSWER the interdisciplinary study of the
brain activity linked with cognition; perception, thinking, memory, and
language
24.Psychology (modern definition) - ANSWER the science of behavior and
mental processes
25.Nature-Nurture Issue - ANSWER the issue concerning whether or not
our human traits are present at birth or if they develop through experience
26.Natural selection - ANSWER whichever traits enable us to survive are
the ones that will be passed on to the next generation