Behavioral science & mental health foundations
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1. Memory - ANSWER persistence of learning over time through encoding,
storing, and retrieval of information
2. Encoding - ANSWER the processing of putting information into the
memory system
3. Storage - ANSWER the retention of encoded material over time
4. Retrieval - ANSWER the process of getting information out of memory
storage
5. Sensory memory - ANSWER immediate, very brief recording of sensory
information
,6. The Atkinson Schiffron 3-Stage Model (1968) - ANSWER belief that
information is processed from sensory memory, to short term memory, to
long term memory
7. Iconic memory - ANSWER visual sensory memory (less than 1 second)
(you can glimpse an "icon")
8. Echoic memory - ANSWER auditory sensory memory (lasts a few
seconds)
9. Short term memory (STM) - ANSWER few items (7 +/- 2 seconds)
encoded briefly that lasts about 30 seconds. goes to LTM or is forgotten
10.Long term memory (LTM) - ANSWER relatively permanent encoded
information that is limitless
11.Effortful processing - ANSWER attention and conscious effort (rehearsal)
12.Explicit memories - ANSWER (declarative memories) memory or facts
and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare"
13.Automatic proccessing - ANSWER unconscious encoding of incidental
information (example: how many times a commercial is played and how
often you notice)
,14.Implicit memory - ANSWER (nondeclaritive memory) retention
independent of conscious recall (impossible to explain)
15.Chunking - ANSWER organizing items into familiar, manageable units.
often occurs automatically
16.Mnemonics - ANSWER memory aids, especially those using vivid
imagery and organizational devices (example: guy cheating at the card game
at the casino)
17.Acronym - ANSWER (type of chunking) typically 1st letter technique
(example: remembering the solar systems)
18.Peg-word system - ANSWER pre-memorizing a list of words that are
easy to associate with the numbers they represent (example: grocery list)
19.Method of Loci - ANSWER method of memorizing info by placing each
item to be remembered at a point along an imaginary journey (example:
cheating guy at the casino)
20.Spacing effect - ANSWER people encode more effectively when study is
distributed evenly vs. a massive study session
21.Testing effect - ANSWER enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than
simply rereading information
, 22.Shallow proccessing - ANSWER encoding on a basic level based on
structure and appearance of words
23.Deep processing - ANSWER encoding based on the meaning of the
words, tends to yield best retention
24.Self-reference effect - ANSWER people more easily remember material
that is personally meaningful
25.Hippocampus - ANSWER associated with declarative memory
26.flashbulb memory - ANSWER clear moment, emotionally significant
moment or event (associated with the amygdala)
27.infantile amnesia - ANSWER conscious memories of first three years are
blank
28.cerebellum - ANSWER associated with nondeclararitive memory
29.procedural memories - ANSWER motor and cognitive skills
30.semantic memories - ANSWER general facts and knowledge of the
world