EDAPT Research Methods Exam: Validity, Reliability, and
Bias Explained|Verified Questions Provided with A+
Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026
In which parts of a research study can bias be an issue? Select all that apply.
Conducting the study
Reporting the results
Seeking funding
Selecting participants
Planning the study
Which term explains an influence that can distort study results or conclusions?
Bias
__________ is the extent a tool or method measures what it is supposed to measure.
__________ is the measure of consistency.
Validity
Reliability
Which situation is not possible?
Low reliability and high validity
Match the type of validity to the definition.
Internal validity - The study establishes a trustworthy cause-and-effect relationship between a
treatment and an outcome.
External validity - How the study results are applicable in other settings or the generalizability
of the study results.
Construct validity - Does the test measure what it is supposed to measure?
Content validity - Are the test items fully representative of the entire domain it is intended to
measure?
Conclusion validity - The conclusions of the study are reasonable.
, The nurse is conducting a qualitative study that utilizes coding as a data analysis method. There
are two researchers coding the data and they reach different conclusions on the codes that are
applied to interview transcript data. This is an issue of __________ reliability.
Inter-rater
Which methods can be utilized to increase the quality of a research study? Select all that apply.
Provide quotations from transcribed interviews
Detailed audit trail
Use different methods of data collection
Which findings can indicate an issue of bias? Select all that apply.
Ensuring the medical personnel understand who is receiving experimental treatment in case
there is an emergency.
Hand selecting participants for inclusion in the experimental and control groups to ensure equal
distribution of certain demographic traits.
Some participants in a study are asked to evaluate their pain level from the previous day
because the study personnel forgot to ask them yesterday.
The test currently in use is quick and easy but often indicates a positive result with seasonal
influenza instead of COVID-19. This is an example of which concept?
Validity
The gold standard COVID-19 test involves drawing blood and sending it to a lab, which can take
several days. The nurse searches current research evidence for a different test that is quicker
but gives results like the gold standard. This involves which type of validity?
Criterion
Which type of reliability is most important when selecting a research article indicating a quick
COVID-19 test yields results like the gold standard test?
Parallel forms
Indicate if the information found in the COVID-19 research articles increases the quality of the
measurement of the study or does not increase the quality.
Bias Explained|Verified Questions Provided with A+
Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026
In which parts of a research study can bias be an issue? Select all that apply.
Conducting the study
Reporting the results
Seeking funding
Selecting participants
Planning the study
Which term explains an influence that can distort study results or conclusions?
Bias
__________ is the extent a tool or method measures what it is supposed to measure.
__________ is the measure of consistency.
Validity
Reliability
Which situation is not possible?
Low reliability and high validity
Match the type of validity to the definition.
Internal validity - The study establishes a trustworthy cause-and-effect relationship between a
treatment and an outcome.
External validity - How the study results are applicable in other settings or the generalizability
of the study results.
Construct validity - Does the test measure what it is supposed to measure?
Content validity - Are the test items fully representative of the entire domain it is intended to
measure?
Conclusion validity - The conclusions of the study are reasonable.
, The nurse is conducting a qualitative study that utilizes coding as a data analysis method. There
are two researchers coding the data and they reach different conclusions on the codes that are
applied to interview transcript data. This is an issue of __________ reliability.
Inter-rater
Which methods can be utilized to increase the quality of a research study? Select all that apply.
Provide quotations from transcribed interviews
Detailed audit trail
Use different methods of data collection
Which findings can indicate an issue of bias? Select all that apply.
Ensuring the medical personnel understand who is receiving experimental treatment in case
there is an emergency.
Hand selecting participants for inclusion in the experimental and control groups to ensure equal
distribution of certain demographic traits.
Some participants in a study are asked to evaluate their pain level from the previous day
because the study personnel forgot to ask them yesterday.
The test currently in use is quick and easy but often indicates a positive result with seasonal
influenza instead of COVID-19. This is an example of which concept?
Validity
The gold standard COVID-19 test involves drawing blood and sending it to a lab, which can take
several days. The nurse searches current research evidence for a different test that is quicker
but gives results like the gold standard. This involves which type of validity?
Criterion
Which type of reliability is most important when selecting a research article indicating a quick
COVID-19 test yields results like the gold standard test?
Parallel forms
Indicate if the information found in the COVID-19 research articles increases the quality of the
measurement of the study or does not increase the quality.
