PLTW MEDICAL INTERVENTIONS
MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS. VERIFIED 2026.
What are the categories of medical interventions? - ANS pharmacology, rehab, genetics,
medical devices, diagnostics, surgery
What is bioinformatics? - ANS the application of computational methods to the storage and
analysis of biological data
How can DNA sequences be used to identify disease pathogens? - ANS can determine
specific segments of DNA that differ between different types of pathogens and analyze this
segment by following a similar sequencing pattern
what are the basic steps for isolating and identifying bacterial DNA - ANS 1- isolate the DNA
of the pathogen using PCR. Only copies DNA from the invader
2- cycle sequencing takes the copied DNA and creates DNA fragments of different lengths and
separates them by size
3- organize fragments based on size. Florescent DNA goes through a laser
What is a serial dilution? - ANS A stepwise dilution of a substance in solution
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Explain the process of ELISA - ANS step 1- sample is added to the wells. Proteins bind to the
walls of the wells
step 2- detergent washes out unbound proteins and blocks surface proteins
step 3- primary antibody binds to a specific antibody
step 4- unbound primary antibody is washed away
step 5- secondary antibody that is linked with an enzyme is attached and added to walls and
binds to the primary antibody
step 6- excess secondary antibody is washed away
step 7- substrate is added to the wells. The substrate binds to the enzyme bound to the
secondary antibody and causes a color change
What is the mode of action of penicillin? - ANS interferes with ability to synthesize cell.
(attacks cells walls)
what is the mode of action of tetracycline? - ANS binds to the ribosomes and halts protein
production
what is the mode of action of floroquinoles? - ANS messes up DNA replication
what is the mode of action of sulfonamides? - ANS interferes with synthesis of folic acid
What is antibiotic resistance? - ANS when the medicine no longer affects the bacteria
because they are immune to it.
conjugation? - ANS A pilius bridge forms. Plasmid duplicates and is transferred to another cell
via the bridge
transformation? - ANS naked DNA floats around and is picked up by other cells
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS. VERIFIED 2026.
What are the categories of medical interventions? - ANS pharmacology, rehab, genetics,
medical devices, diagnostics, surgery
What is bioinformatics? - ANS the application of computational methods to the storage and
analysis of biological data
How can DNA sequences be used to identify disease pathogens? - ANS can determine
specific segments of DNA that differ between different types of pathogens and analyze this
segment by following a similar sequencing pattern
what are the basic steps for isolating and identifying bacterial DNA - ANS 1- isolate the DNA
of the pathogen using PCR. Only copies DNA from the invader
2- cycle sequencing takes the copied DNA and creates DNA fragments of different lengths and
separates them by size
3- organize fragments based on size. Florescent DNA goes through a laser
What is a serial dilution? - ANS A stepwise dilution of a substance in solution
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Explain the process of ELISA - ANS step 1- sample is added to the wells. Proteins bind to the
walls of the wells
step 2- detergent washes out unbound proteins and blocks surface proteins
step 3- primary antibody binds to a specific antibody
step 4- unbound primary antibody is washed away
step 5- secondary antibody that is linked with an enzyme is attached and added to walls and
binds to the primary antibody
step 6- excess secondary antibody is washed away
step 7- substrate is added to the wells. The substrate binds to the enzyme bound to the
secondary antibody and causes a color change
What is the mode of action of penicillin? - ANS interferes with ability to synthesize cell.
(attacks cells walls)
what is the mode of action of tetracycline? - ANS binds to the ribosomes and halts protein
production
what is the mode of action of floroquinoles? - ANS messes up DNA replication
what is the mode of action of sulfonamides? - ANS interferes with synthesis of folic acid
What is antibiotic resistance? - ANS when the medicine no longer affects the bacteria
because they are immune to it.
conjugation? - ANS A pilius bridge forms. Plasmid duplicates and is transferred to another cell
via the bridge
transformation? - ANS naked DNA floats around and is picked up by other cells
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
